Effect of Apis mellifera on community composition of local pollinator bees and their pollination network in Qinling Mountains and surrounding areas  

西方蜜蜂对秦岭及其周边地区传粉蜂的群落组成及其传粉网络的影响

作　　者：Cheng'en ZHONG Qingle XIE Yaoyao SI Yalin ZHANG 钟承恩;谢庆乐;司尧尧;张雅林(植保资源与病虫害治理教育部重点实验室,西北农林科技大学植物保护学院昆虫博物馆,陕西杨凌712100)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management,Ministry of Education,Entomological Museum,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China

出　　处：《Entomotaxonomia》2024年第3期167-205,共39页昆虫分类学报（英文）

基　　金：funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0115200);the Biodiversity Survey and the Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China (2019HJ2096001006);the National Animal Collection Resource Center, China。

摘　　要：The Qinling Mountains, known for their rich vegetation and diverse pollinating insects, have seen a significant decline in bee species richness and abundance over recent decades, largely due to the introduction and spread of Apis mellifera. This decline has caused cascading effects on the region's community structure and ecosystem stability. To improve the protection of native bees in the natural and agricultural landscape of the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas, we investigated 33 sampling sites within three habitats: forest, forest-agriculture ecotones, and farmland. Using a generalized linear mixing model, t-test, and other data analysis methods, we explored the impact of Apis mellifera on local pollinator bee richness, abundance, and the pollination network in different habitats in these regional areas. The results show that(1)Apis mellifera significantly negatively affects the abundance and richness of wild pollinator bees,while Apis cerana abundance is also affected by beekeeping conditions.(2)There are significant negative effects of Apis mellifera on the community structure of pollinator bees in the Qinling Mountains and its surrounding areas: the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and Margalef richness index of bee communities at sites with Apis mellifera influence were significantly lower than those at sites without Apis mellifera influence.(3)The underlying driver of this effect is the monopolization of flowering resources by Apis mellifera. This species tends to visit flowering plants with large nectar sources, which constitute a significant portion of the local plant community. By maintaining a dominant role in the bee-plant pollination network, Apis mellifera competitively displaces native pollinator bees, reducing their access to floral resources. This ultimately leads to a reduction in local bee-plant interactions, decreasing the complexity and stability of the pollination network. These findings highlight the need for targeted conservation efforts to protect native 秦岭山脉以其丰富的植被和多样的传粉昆虫闻名,然而在过去的几十年里,由于意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)的引入和扩散,蜂类物种的丰富度和数量显著下降。这一下降对该地区的群落结构和生态系统稳定性产生了连锁反应。为了改善秦岭山脉及其周边地区自然和农业景观中本土蜂类的保护,我们在三类栖息地(森林、森林-农业交错带和农田)的33个采样点进行了调查。我们使用广义线性混合模型、t检验等数据分析方法,探讨了意大利蜜蜂对不同栖息地中本地传粉蜂类的丰富度、数量以及传粉网络的影响。结果表明:(1)意大利蜜蜂显著负面影响了野生传粉蜂类的丰富度和数量,而中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)的数量也受养蜂条件的影响。(2)意大利蜜蜂对秦岭山脉及其周边地区传粉蜂类的群落结构产生了显著的负面影响:在受意大利蜜蜂影响的地点,蜜蜂群落的香农-维纳多样性指数、皮尔洛均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数显著低于未受其影响的地点。(3)这种影响的根本原因是意大利蜜蜂对花卉资源的垄断。意大利蜜蜂倾向于访问具有大量蜜源的开花植物,这些植物在当地植物群落中占有重要比例。通过在蜂-植物传粉网络中保持主导地位,意大利蜜蜂竞争性地取代了本地传粉蜂类对花卉资源的访问权,最终导致本地蜂-植物互动的减少,降低了传粉网络的复杂性和稳定性。这些发现表明,需要采取有针对性的保护措施来保护本土传粉物种,维持秦岭山脉的生态平衡。

关 键 词：Apis mellifera Pollinator bees Species richness ABUNDANCE Interaction networks 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]