异化劳动批判与共产主义幸福之路——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的释读  

Critique of the Interaction between Alienated Labor and the Path to Communist Happiness Based on the New Interpretation of Marx s Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

作　　者：周芳 程思怡 ZHOU Fang;CHENG Si-yi

机构地区：[1]湖北大学马克思主义学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期38-46,178,共10页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“中国共产党德育文化的百年演进及经验研究”(21FKSB027);湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“历史唯物主义视域下的道德推动力思想研究”(22ZD223)。

摘　　要：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的异化劳动批判,不仅是理解早年马克思幸福思想的重要线索,也是理解马克思解决资本主义条件下人的生活不幸的重要质点。以早年马克思之见,如果人的幸福体现为人的全部丰富生命活动的积极展现,那么异化劳动不仅没有推动人的幸福的实现,反而加重了人的痛苦。马克思对异化劳动四个规定的分析揭露了资本主义条件下人的异化状态,以及由此导致的人的需要的异化和交往的异化,这是人的生活不幸的主要表现。马克思通过对黑格尔自我意识的批判,把人的对象性活动作为人的本质力量的基础,揭示了人的劳动与私有财产的内在关系,从而揭露了私有财产的本质,奠定了劳动幸福论的存在论基础。马克思通过对当时流行的各种不科学共产主义学说的批判,指明了基于共产主义开启人的幸福之路的方向,把人获取幸福生活的希望归并在以实践为基础的社会主义发展历史进程中,给予我们的时代实践重要启迪。The critique of alienated labor in the book Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of[STBX]1844[STBZ]is not only an important basis for a deep understanding of Marx s happiness thought in the early years,but also an important primary point of Marx s solution to the unhappiness of human life under capitalist conditions.In early Marx s views,if human happiness reflects the active expression of all life-enriching activities,then alienated labor not only does not promote the realization of human happiness,but also turns human happiness into human sufferings.Through the analysis of the four provisions of alienated labor,Marx criticized the alienation of human beings under capitalist conditions,and the alienation of human needs and communication caused by the alienation of human beings.This is the basic expression of human misfortune,and also the main reason.By criticizing Hegel s theory of self-consciousness,Marx correctly revealed the inner relationship between human labor and private property by taking human s objective activity as the basis of human s essential power,thus revealing the essence of private property and laying the ontological foundation of the theory of labor happiness.Through the criticism of various communist theories popular at that time,Marx pointed out the road to human happiness based on communism,and integrated people s hope of a happy life in the historical process of socialist development based on practice,giving important enlightenment to the practice of our times.

关 键 词：异化劳动 私有财产 对象性活动 共产主义 人的幸福 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]