浅析嘉靖时期通贡绝贡政策的运用  

An Analysis of the Application of the Policyof Accepting or Refuseing Tribute in Jiajing Period

作　　者：马宇通 Ma Yutong(School of History and Culture,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010000)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学历史文化学院,呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《西部学刊》2024年第18期118-122,共5页Journal of Western

摘　　要：通贡和好是指明王朝采用行政手段,对周边蒙古部落实行羁縻管辖,将其纳入华夷一体治理体系的方略。而闭关绝贡是对周边蒙古部落采取强硬态度,力求减少与其接触,采用华夷有别的对蒙方略。通贡与绝贡的核心在于“蒙古部落政治归附明朝,明朝对蒙古部落进行经济赏赐”,但其忽视了明朝内部政治斗争的影响。嘉靖时期,明朝在应对吐鲁番和土默特的过程中,产生两种迥然不同的方式。前者实现了与吐鲁番的通贡和好,实现了明朝西域秩序的重建。后者对土默特实行敌对的闭关绝贡政策,导致河套地区的局势彻底陷入混乱,给明王朝的统治造成了巨大危机。Accepting tribute for reconciliation is a administrative strategy that the Ming Dynasty adopted to control the surrounding Mongolian tribes and incorporate them into the governance system of Huayi,whereas the closing off and refusing tribute for hostility means the Ming Dynasty taking a tough attitude towards the surrounding Mongolian tribes,and striving to reduce contact with them,another governance system that differentiates Hua(the major Han nationality)and Yi(other minor nationalities).The core of accepting or refuseing tribute is that“the political sovereignty of Mongolian tribes belongs to the Ming Dynasty,who grants economic rewards in return”,which overlooks the impact of internal political struggles in the Ming Dynasty.During the Jiajing period,the Ming Dynasty produced two different policies of tribute when dealing with Turpan and Tumed.The former friendly policy of accepting tribute to Turpan helped the reconstruction of the order in the western regions of the Ming Dynasty,while the latter hostile policy of refusing tribute against Tumed made Hetao region fall into chaos which caused a great crisis to the rule of the Ming Dynasty.

关 键 词：通贡和好 闭关绝贡 嘉靖 政治斗争 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]