长期有机无机外源氮素配施作物氮肥利用率及土壤剖面氮分布特征  

Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen changes in soil profile under long-term synergistic use of organic and inorganic exogenous N

作　　者：张珂珂[1] 宋晓 郭斗斗[1] 郭腾飞 岳克 丁世杰 张水清[1] 黄绍敏[1] 李杰[2] 刘新浩 ZHANG Ke-ke;SONG Xiao;GUO Dou-dou;GUO Teng-fei;YUE Ke;DING Shi-jie;ZHANG Shui-qing;HUANG Shao-min;LI Jie;LIU Xin-hao(Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Xinyang Henan 464000)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]信阳农林学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第7期79-87,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省联合基金项目(212102110051);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700902);河南省科技攻关项目(212102110051);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2022ZC26);河南省农科院创新团队项目(TD19);科技基础资源调查专项(2021FY100503);河南省自然科学基金项目(202300410023)。

摘　　要：探究有机无机外源氮素配施对小麦-玉米轮作体系作物产量和土壤剖面氮素分布的影响,为华北平原潮土区合理减少氮肥使用、提高氮肥利用率和科学管理土壤氮素资源提供参考。基于28年肥料定位试验,选择不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、化肥与有机肥配施(CFM)、化肥与秸秆配施(CFS)4个处理,分析了化肥、有机肥、秸秆作为主要外源氮素长期配施对作物可持续生产能力、氮肥利用率、施肥后效及潮土氮素剖面分布的影响。结果表明,投入外源氮素能提高作物产量,小麦季CF、CFM、CFS处理平均分别增产280.49%、276.02%、286.73%,玉米季平均分别增产160.15%、170.86%、178.45%。CF、CFM、CFS处理小麦季、玉米季产量变异系数均高于CK处理,小麦季增幅更大。小麦季CFS处理产量可持续指数最高,为66.32%,玉米季CFM、CFS处理产量可持续指数基本一致,高于CF处理。与CF处理相比,CFM、CFS处理平均氮素吸收量分别提高2.11%、4.29%。CF、CFM、CFS处理氮肥累积利用率分别为61.12%、62.91%、64.78%,后效分别为0.72%、0.90%、0.60%,化肥与有机肥配施效果高于单施化肥、化肥与秸秆配施。与CF处理相比,CFM处理0~40 cm土层土壤全氮含量提高22.08%~35.94%,碱解氮含量提高12.05%~38.17%。综上,投入外源氮素可提高作物产量和氮素吸收量、提升产量稳定性和可持续性。在小麦-玉米轮作体系下,化肥配施秸秆最有利于维持可持续生产能力。化肥与有机肥配施、化肥与秸秆配施提高了土壤氮含量。Effects of synergistic use of organic and inorganic exogenous nitrogen on the yield of winter wheat and maize and nitrogen changes in soil profile can provide a theoretical basis for rationally reducing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizers and increasing their utilization rate,and scientifically managing soil nitrogen resources.A 28 year in situ fertilization experiment was used.Four fertilization treatments were investigated:no nitrogen fertilizer(CK),chemical fertilizer only(CF),chemical fertilizer plus organic manure(CFM)and chemical fertilizerplusmaizestraw(CFS).Theeffectsoflong-term combined use of chemical nitrogen,organic manure,and straw as major exogenous nitrogen on sustainable production capacity,nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency,fertilizer after-effect,nitrogen changes in soil profile were analyzed.The results showed that long-term combined use of chemical nitrogen,organic or straw fertilizer increased crop yield,compared with CK treatment,the yields of winter wheat under CF,CFM and CFS treatments increased by 280.49%,276.02%and 286.73%,the yields were increased by 160.15%,170.86%and 178.45%,respectively.Compared with CK,the yield coefficient variation of CF,CFM and CFS treatment increased in wheat and maize seasons,and the increase of wheat season was larger.The yield sustainability index of CFS treatment in wheat season was the highest(66.32%),while the yield sustainability index of CFM and CFS treatment in maize season was basically the same,higher than that of CF treatment.Compared with CF treatment,the average nitrogen absorption of CFM and CFS was increased by 2.11%and 4.29%,respectively.The accumulated nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of CF,CFM and CFS treatments were 61.12%,62.91%and 64.78%,respectively.The average after-effects of CF,CFM and CFS treatments were 0.72%,0.90%and 0.60%,respectively,application of chemical fertilizer plus organic manure alone had the highest after-effect.Compared to CF,CFM treatment increased total nitrogen content in 0-40 cm soil layer by 22.08%-35.94%

关 键 词：外源氮素 产量 氮肥利用率 氮肥累积利用率 土壤剖面氮素分布 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]