生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂对宁夏盐池县土壤及其作物的影响  

Effects of biomass slow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent on soil and crops in Yanchi county,Ningxia

作　　者：武金龙[1,2,3] 李郝琪 马锋茂 韩凤兰 黄家和[1,2,3] 刘燕华 邵自强 江成云 WU Jin-long;LI Ha-qi;MA Feng-mao;HAN Fengla;HUANG Jia-he;IU Yan-hua;SHO Zi-qiang;JIANG Cheng-yun(School of Materials Science&Engineering,North Minzu University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology,North Minzu University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;International Scientific&Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Waste Recycling and Advanced Materials,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021;Yanchi Scientific Institute of Agriculture and Husbandry,Yanchi Ningxia 751500;School of Materials Science&Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Ningxia Ningdong Municipal Construction Development Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan Ningxia 750409)

机构地区：[1]北方民族大学材料科学与工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]北方民族大学高分子材料及制造技术重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [3]“工业废弃物循环利用及先进材料”国际科技合作基地,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏盐池县农牧科学研究所,宁夏盐池751500 [5]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081 [6]宁夏宁东市政建设发展有限公司,宁夏银川750409

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第7期129-134,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划(2019BBF02015);宁夏自然科学基金(2023AAC03312);北方民族大学科研项目(2023XYZCL03)。

摘　　要：为探讨生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂对农田土壤水温环境、土壤养分吸收和作物产量的影响,在宁夏回族自治区吴忠市盐池县以玉米、马铃薯、燕麦等为供试作物,生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂为供试材料,采用田间试验,设置生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂不同梯度的施用量,测定土壤含水量、酸碱度、电导率、容重和土壤养分等,研究其对试验地区土壤理化性质、土壤养分以及不同作物产量的影响。结果表明:在施用量不同的情况下,所种植的作物总体上产量都有所增加。苏丹草和燕麦草增产率最高,分别达到36.26%和24.35%。荞麦在生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂施用量为120kg/hm^(2)时产量增产率达到23.19%,而马铃薯在生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂施用量为120kg/hm^(2)时产量增产率最高,达到了77.78%,增产效果显著。但玉米产量变化趋势有所不同,在生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂施用量为60kg/hm^(2)时产量反而有所下降,当施用量增加至120kg/hm^(2)时产量有所上升,但增产率只有0.69%,主要是由于地块所处位置、地势以及土壤组分存在一定程度的差异性,导致生物质缓释土壤保水增肥剂施用量对玉米产量影响不大。To explore the effects of biomass slow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent on farmland soil water and temperature environment,soil nutrient absorption and crop yield,field experiment was conducted in Yanchi county,Wuzhong city,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.Corn,potatoes,oats and other crops were selected as the test crop,and biomass slow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent were used as the test material.Different gradients of biomass slow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent application rates were set up.Soilmoisture content,pH,conductivity,bulk density and soil nutrients weremeasured,and theireffects on soil physicochemical properties,soil nutrients and different crop yields in the experimental area were studied.The results showed that under dfferent application rates,the overall yield of the crops were increased.The highest yield increase rates of Sudan grass and oat grass were 36.26%and 24.35%,respectively.The yield increase rate of buckwheat reached 23.19%when the application amount of biomass slow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent was 120 kg/hm^(2),while the yield increase rate of potato reached the highest of 77.78%when the application amount of biomass slowrelease soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent was 120 kg/hm^(2),indicating a significant increase in yield.But the trend of corn yield changes was different.When the application amount of biomasslow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent was 60 kg/hm^(2),the yield actually was decreased.When the application amount increased to 120 kg/hm^(2),the yield was increased,but the yield increase rate was only 0.69%.This was mainly due to the differences in the location,terrain,and soil components of the plot,which resulted in little effect of the application amount of biomasslow-release soil water retaining and fertilizer increasing agent on corn yield.

关 键 词：羧甲基纤维素 农作物 产量 土壤性质 保水增肥作用 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]