施用生物有机肥对旱地红壤保水性与细菌群落的影响  

Effects of applying bio-organic fertilizer on water retention and bacterial community of dryland red soil

作　　者：周瑞春 官会林[1] 刘奎 王豪吉 赵芳 陈鹏崟 徐武美 ZHOU Rui-chun;CUAN Hui-lin;LIU Kui;WANG Hao-ji;ZHAO Fang;CHEN Peng-yin;XU Wu-mei(Yunnan Provincial Observation and Research Station of Soil Degradation and Restoration for Cultivating Plateau Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming Yunnan 650500;Tonghai County Plant Protection and Inspection Station,Yuxi Yunnan 652799)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学高原特色中药材种植土壤质量演变退化与修复云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650500 [2]通海县植保植检站,云南玉溪652799

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第7期153-160,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090025);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0247);云南省院士专家工作站(202305AF150027)。

摘　　要：土壤干旱是制约我国农业生产的重要瓶颈。施用生物有机肥可有效提高土壤有机质含量,改善土壤理化性质,促进作物生长;然而,其对旱地红壤保水性与细菌群落的影响还鲜见报道。通过室内土培试验,持续观测生物有机肥不同施加量处理的土壤含水量动态变化,并利用高通量测序技术,对细菌群落进行定量分析。结果表明,施用生物有机肥对土壤保水性的影响因施肥量与模拟干旱时间的不同而存在显著差异;施加量为1%、模拟干旱为31d时,土壤含水量是对照组(CK)的1.8倍。施用生物有机肥显著提高了土壤有机质与铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,且其随施加量的增加而升高。此外,施加生物有机肥显著影响了土壤细菌群落组成与多样性;与CK相比,施加生物有机肥的土壤中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度较高,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度较低,且细菌群落多样性显著增加(P<0.05)。施用生物有机肥显著提高了干旱环境下土壤中溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、Ramlibacter和鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的相对丰度,降低了芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度,与施肥导致的细菌生境变化有关。因此,施用生物有机肥不仅能有效提高土壤有机质与速效养分含量,还能在持续干旱环境下显著提升土壤保水性与细菌多样性,是应对季节性土壤干旱、调节细菌群落的有效措施。Soil drought is a key bottleneck restricting agricultural production in China.Applying bio-organic fertilizers(BF)can effectively increase soil organic matter content,improve soil physicochemical properties,and promote crop growth.However,its effects on water retention and bacterial community of dryland red soil is rarely reported.Therefore,this study explored the impact of BF application on soil water retention by measuring the dynamic changes of soil water content under different application amounts,moreover,bacterial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the effect of applying BF on soil water retention was different due to the difference of application amount and simulated drought period.When the application amount was 1%and the simulated drought period was 31 days,soil water content was 1.8 times than that of the CK.The application of BF significantly increased the content of soil organic matter and available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium,and it was increased with the increase of application amount.The application of BF significantly affected the composition and diversity of soil bacterial community.Compared with CK,the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Acidobacteria,and Actinobacteria in soil was increased,and Firmicutes was decreased,moreover,the bacterial diversity was increased significantly under BF application(P<0.05).The application of BF significantly increased the relative abundance of Lysobacter,Ramlibacter,and Sphingomonas in the soil in arid environments,however,the relative abundance of Bacillus was decreased,which was related to the changes in bacterial habitats caused by fertilization.Therefore,our study suggested that proper application of BF could be an effective measure to cope with seasonal soil drought and regulate bacterial community.

关 键 词：有机肥 土壤干旱 土壤含水量 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]