性/性别系谱学批判:朱迪斯·巴特勒对性/性别二元论的驳斥  

A Genealogical Critique of Sex/Gender:Judith Butler’s Refutation of Sex/Gender Dualism

作　　者：张姚 ZHANG Yao(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2024年第5期87-95,共9页Journal of Shandong Women's University

摘　　要：为反对生理决定论,第二波女性主义者开始区分性与性别的概念。盖尔·鲁宾提出“性/性别体系”,将性别视为性经过社会生产过程的结果,促进了性别理论的发展。波伏瓦对性与性别的区分进一步固化了性/性别二元论,即性别由社会文化建构形成,性则是性别的自然物质基础。朱迪斯·巴特勒反对性/性别二元论,认为它将性本身确立为不变的,这为强制的性别规范提供了本体论基础。她主张,性同性别一样是一种社会建构。为此,巴特勒运用福柯的系谱学方法对性、性别等基本范畴进行解构,消解了性/性别二元论的稳定性,为后现代女性主义开辟了道路。In opposition to biological determinism,the second-wave feminists began to distinguish between sex and gender.Gayle Rubin proposed the“sex/gender system”,which regarded gender as the result of sex through social production processes,and contributed to the development of gender theory.Beauvoir’s distinction between sex and gender further solidified the dualism of sex/gender,that is,gender was constructed by social culture,and sex was the natural material basis of gender.Judith Butler opposed sex/gender dualism because it established sex itself as some kind of immutable and provided an ontological basis for compulsory gender norms.She argued that sex,like gender,was a kind of social construct.To illustrate this point,Butler used Foucault’s genealogical method to deconstruct the basic categories of sex,gender,etc.,dispelled the stability of the dualism of sex/gender,and opened up the way for postmodern feminism.

关 键 词：朱迪斯·巴特勒 性/性别二元论 系谱学 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]