两《唐书》“杨思训案”发微——兼论史传妾之书写  

A Detailed Examination of the“Yang Sixun Case”in Jiu Tang Shu and Xin Tang Shu:With a Discussion on the Writing of Concubines in Historical Biographies

作　　者：许鸿梅 XU Hong-mei(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2024年第5期107-119,共13页Journal of Shandong Women's University

基　　金：故宫博物院2021年开放课题“故宫博物院藏清代《时宪书》整理与研究”;中国青基会梅赛德斯-奔驰星愿基金、北京故宫文物保护基金会公益资助。

摘　　要：考辨两《唐书》杨思训案,《旧唐书》“侍妾投毒说”较《新唐书》“谋乱说”更合理,且揭示高宗显庆朝由皇后武氏开启的正妻时风。又结合墓志,可知“谋乱说”的形成既源于李唐为慕容宝节赠官平反,后代改写叙事,同时是《新唐书》“反对武氏”的“大义”笔法所致。此外,两书对事件中“妾”的处理差异亦非个例。相较前代,二者在女性书写体例上进步显著,尤以《新唐书》最为完备,然入史标准却进一步“身份化”。以道德尺度开辟的《列女传》中,入传者被限定在“子”“妻”“母”之内,使附属的妾等群体被深度边缘化,被任意隐去和篡改。这种回避小人物的书写方式在掩盖或扭曲事实的同时,亦制造了历史认知空白和偏见,应予以关注。This paper examines the“Yang Sixun Case”in both Jiu Tang Shu and Xin Tang Shu.The“poisoned by a concubine”theory in the Jiu Tang Shu is more reasonable than the“conspiracy theory”in the Xin Tang Shu,and it reveals the trend of the legitimate wife initiated by Empress Wu in the reign of Emperor Gaozong’s Xianqing period.Combining the epitaphs,it can be seen that the formation of the“conspiracy theory”is not only due to the Li Tang dynasty’s posthumous exoneration of Murong Baojie and the rewriting of narratives by later generations,but also due to the Xin Tang Shu’s opposition to the Wu family’s“great righteousness”style of writing.Moreover,the differences in the handling of the“concubine”in the two books are not an isolated case.Compared with the previous generation,both books have made significant progress in the writing style of women,especially the Xin Tang Shu,which is the most complete.However,the standards for entering history have further“identity-based”.That is,in the“Biographies of Women”opened by the moral scale,those who enter the biography are limited to“daughter”,“wife”,and“mother”which makes the attached groups such as concubines deeply marginalized,arbitrarily hidden and altered.This writing style that avoids small characters,while covering up or distorting facts,creates historical cognitive gaps and biases,which should be paid attention to.

关 键 词：杨思训案 武则天 两《唐书》 女性历史书写 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]