汉语空间名词的语义分类及词典释义  

Semantic Classification and Dictionary Definition Patterns of Chinese Spatial Nouns

作　　者：侯瑞芬 刘小雨[1] Hou Ruifen;Liu Xiaoyu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学文学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京102488

出　　处：《辞书研究》2024年第5期66-77,I0002,共13页Lexicographical Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中西交流背景下汉语词汇学的构建与理论创新研究”(项目编号21ZD310);国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于《现代汉语词典》的词汇计量研究”(项目编号20BYY170);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(项目编号DF2023TS05)的成果之一。

摘　　要：汉语空间名词与普通名词在表达空间义时有明显差异,普通名词表示空间义通常需要搭配方位词,而空间名词则可以加方位词,也可以不加方位词。空间名词在语言表达中具有多义性,不同意义之间又存在纠缠和渗透。文章探讨了汉语空间名词的两大主要来源--土地与建筑,并依据地理、物理和社会三种属性,系统地构建了汉语空间名词的分类体系,梳理了空间名词的内部关系及其与外部概念的关联。在此基础上,文章提出了空间名词的释义原则和具体的释义模式,旨在为词典编纂提供更为科学、准确的参考,促进汉语空间概念的清晰表达与理解。There is a significant difference between Chinese spatial nouns and common nouns in expressing spatial meaning.Common nouns typically require the pairing with locative words to express spatial significance,while spatial nouns can be used with or without locative words.Spatial nouns exhibit polysemy in language expression,with different meanings intermingling and permeating each other.This article delves into the two main sources of Chinese spatial nouns-land and architecture-and systematically constructs a classification system for Chinese spatial nouns based on geographical,physical,and social attributes.It clearly organizes the internal relationships of spatial nouns and their connections with external concepts.On this basis,the article proposes the principles of definition for spatial nouns and specific dictionary definition patterns,aiming to provide a more scientific and accurate reference for dictionary compilation,and to promote the clear expression and understanding of Chinese spatial concepts.

关 键 词：空间名词 地理空间 物理空间 社会空间 词典释义 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语] H164