16种除草剂对烟草安全性及田间防效研究  

A study on the safety and field control effects of 16 herbicides on tobacco

作　　者：刘东阳 江连强 邓全 王杰[2] 曾娜娜 李凤玉 黄斌 LIU Dongyang;JIANG Lianqiang;DENG Quan;WANG Jie;ZENG Nana;LI Fengyu;HUANG Bin(Liangshan Prefecture Company of Sichuan Tobacco Corporation,Liangshan,Sichuan 615000,China;Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao,Shandong 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省烟草总公司凉山州公司,四川凉山州615000 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2024年第3期445-450,共6页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目(SCYC202312)。

摘　　要：【目的】目前烟田登记使用的除草剂种类少,长期使用单一除草剂后防效不佳导致用量增大,烟田除草剂药害频发。因此,筛选对烟草安全并能高效防除烟田杂草的除草剂显得尤为重要。【方法】对7种苗前和9种苗后烟田常用除草剂进行室内安全性生测实验,并开展16种除草剂的烟田防效试验。【结果】7种苗前除草剂除50%敌草胺WP外均显著抑制烟草的出苗率和鲜重,其中50%乙氧·异·甲戊EC、330 g/L二甲戊灵EC、80%异噁·异丙甲EC和72%异丙甲草胺EC对烟草出苗率和鲜重的抑制率达到80.0%以上,50%敌草胺WP对烟田杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为71.35%和73.54%。在9种苗后除草剂中,推荐剂量的480 g/L灭草松AS、200 g/L敌草快·精喹AS、11%砜嘧·高氟吡OD和15%精喹·氟磺胺草醚AS喷雾对烟草株高和鲜重的抑制率在43.36%~93.16%;而推荐剂量的30%吡氟酰草胺SC、108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC、240 g/L烯草酮EC对烟草的生长没有抑制作用,并使鲜重增加了1.56%~7.91%;15%砜嘧·烯草酮OD对烟草生长抑制较低,对烟田杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为84.72%和87.91%。【结论】烟田高效安全的苗前除草剂推荐使用50%敌草胺WP和960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC,但在施用前要留1个月左右的安全间隔期。当烟田禾本科、阔叶杂草较多时,推荐使用的苗后除草剂为15%砜嘧·烯草酮OD;当主要防除烟田禾本科杂草时,推荐使用108 g/L高效氟吡甲禾灵EC和240 g/L烯草酮EC;当主要防除烟田阔叶杂草时,推荐使用30%吡氟酰草胺SC。研究结果为烟田除草剂的科学合理使用提供依据。[Objective]Currently,there are few types of herbicides registered for use in tobacco fields.Long term use of a single herbicide results in poor control effectiveness,leading to an increase in dosage and frequent herbicide damage in tobacco fields.Therefore,it is particularly important to screen herbicides that are safe for tobacco and can effectively control weeds in tobacco fields.[Method]This study conducted indoor safety bioassays on 7 commonly used herbicides in tobacco fields before and 9 after seedlings,and also conducted efficacy trials on 16 herbicides in tobacco fields.[Result]Except for 50%glyphosate WP,all 7 pre-emergence herbicides significantly inhibited the emergence rate and fresh weight of tobacco.Among them,50%ethoxymethyl EC,330 g/L dimethoxymethyl EC,80%isocarbazide and 72%glyphosate EC had an inhibition rate of over 80.0%on tobacco emergence rate and fresh weight.The plant and fresh weight control effects of 50%glyphosate WP on weeds in tobacco fields were 71.35%and 73.54%,respectively.Among the nine post-seedling herbicides,the recommended dosage of 480 g/L Metazone AS,200 g/L Diquat Quinquine AS,11%Sulfazol Proflupyr OD,and 15%Quinquine Flufofofomesafen AS spray inhibited tobacco plant height and fresh weight between 43.36%and 93.16%.However,the recommended doses of 30%pyrfluazuron SC,108 g/L high-efficiency fluazuron EC,and 240 g/L enoxazone EC did not inhibit the growth of tobacco and increased fresh weight by 1.56%-7.91%.The inhibitory effect of 15%sulfoxystrobin enoxystrobin OD on tobacco growth was relatively low,and the plant control and fresh weight control effects on weeds in tobacco fields were 84.72%and 87.91%,respectively.[Conclusion]50%glyphosate WP and 960 g/L glyphosate EC are recommended to use as efficient and safe pre-emergence herbicides in tobacco fields,but a safe interval of about 1 month should be left before the application.When there are many grasses and broad-leaved weeds in the tobacco field,the recommended post-seedling herbicide to use is 15%sulfoxystrobin enoxyst

关 键 词：除草剂 烟草 安全性 田间防效 

分 类 号：TQ457[化学工程—农药化工] S572[农业科学—烟草工业]