退而不休与我国空巢老人的照料感知  

Reemployment after Retirement and Perceived Caregiver Availability of the Empty Nesters in China

作　　者：常青松 田乃琦 班兴令 CHANG Qingsong;TIAN Naiqi;BAN Xingling(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学社会与人类学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《人口与发展》2024年第4期49-61,共13页Population and Development

基　　金：教育部中央高校高层次人才科研启动费项目(X2123302)。

摘　　要：党的二十大报告明确指出要“优化孤寡老人服务”“在‘老有所养’上持续用力”。缓解空巢老人的照料困境及鼓励适龄老人的劳动再参与是破解我国人口养老困境的重要议题。研究基于Harmonized CHARLS的追踪数据,借助空巢老人退休与否、退而不休的时长、退而不休的主观意愿来步步拆解空巢老人的劳动再参与行为,并深入探讨退而不休的多维特征对空巢老人照料感知的影响。结果发现:第一,与正常退休相比,空巢老人的退而不休能够正向增强他们的照料感知;第二,无论是间接型还是持续型退而不休都能够正向增强照料感知;第三,仅仅退而不休且拥有主动型劳动意愿才能正向增强照料感知,而被动型的退而不休对于照料感知却具有负向抑制作用;第四,上述增强效应存在代际关系的选择性,即只存在于同子女情感及经济联系紧密的空巢家庭中。上述发现可为优化我国的退休政策及缓解空巢老人的照料困境提供证据为本的价值参考,亦是新时代人口学研究针对二十大报告中所提及的“不断实现人民对美好生活的向往”“让更多老年人拥有幸福晚年”目标所做出有价值的响应。The report of the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly emphasized that it is crucial to“perfect the services for older people who are alone and widowed”and“continue to make efforts to provide for older people”.As major social issues,alleviating the care dilemma of the empty nesters and encouraging older individuals to reemploy after retirement need more policy attention.In this study,reemployment after retirement has been classified based on three dimensions:whether to work after retirement,working duration,and working willingness.This study aims to examine the effect of labor participation after retirement on perceived caregiver availability,using the Harmonized CHARLS dataset.The results show that:First,reemployment after retirement of the empty nesters is positively associated with perceived caregiver availability compared to the regular retirees.Second,both indirect and continuous labor participation after retirement have a significant positive impact on perceived caregiver availability.Third,the positive association with perceived caregiver availabilityis only observed among empty nesters who keep working after retirement with active working willingness.Fourth,this positive association is based on close intergenerational relations,such as economic support and emotional communication from children to older adults in empty-nest families.Our study provides a valuable reference for optimizing the delayed retirement policy and solving the problem of elderly care.

关 键 词：空巢老人 退而不休 劳动意愿 照料感知 代际关系 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]