噪声作业工人佩戴泡棉型耳塞培训前后个人声衰减值的测量与评价  

Measurement and evaluation of personal attenuation rating before and after the training of the noise-exposed workers wearing foam earplugs

作　　者：刘静 王娴 张荣 包佑红 顾凯风 潘丽萍 Liu Jing;Wang Xian;Zhang Rong;Bao Youhong;Gu Kaifeng;Pan Liping(Occupational Health Department,Nanjing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]南京市职业病防治院职业健康科,南京210042

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2024年第8期589-593,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：南京市医学科技发展项目(YKK20157、YKK20158、QRX17197);江苏省职业健康科研项目(JSZJ 20231101)。

摘　　要：目的测量并比较噪声作业工人培训前后佩戴泡棉型耳塞的个人声衰减值(PAR)的差异,评价护听器佩戴培训对防护效果的影响。方法于2023年2月,选择94名某机械制造企业接触噪声的劳动者为研究对象,对其所在作业场所的生产性噪声进行测量,对研究对象进行护听器佩戴培训,利用护听器适合性检验测量并记录培训前后研究对象佩戴3M 1110泡棉型测试耳塞的PAR值,比较实际PAR值与标称值及相关标准中噪声衰减值的差异,并评价培训前后护听器的保护效果。结果研究对象平均年龄(36.76±11.48)岁,平均工龄(16.34±11.64)年,平均接噪工龄(15.67±11.64)年,所在岗位噪声检测结果为80.1~94.3 dB(A)。研究对象佩戴3M 1110泡棉型测试耳塞进行适合性检验,结果显示,培训后双耳综合PAR值为(19.3±6.4)dB(A),明显高于培训前(11.1±7.4)dB(A)(t=13.31,P<0.001)。培训后,11人(11.70%)PAR值可达到经校正过的噪声衰减值(NRR'值),26人(27.66%)可达到单值降噪值(SNR值)×0.6的标准,84人(89.36%)可达到(NRR-7)/2的标准。培训后护听器保护不足率(7.45%)较培训前(45.74%)明显降低,不同保护水平在培训前后的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.83,P<0.001)。结论建议企业以适合性检验替代标称值估算的方法评估护听器降噪效果,加强护听器选择和使用方面的专项培训,以确保劳动者正确佩戴,提高护听器的防护效果。ObjectiveTo measure and compare the difference of personal attenuation rating(PAR)of the workers wearing foam earplugs before and after the training,and to evaluate the effect of ear protector wearing training on the noise protection.MethodsIn February 2023,94 workers exposed to noise in a machinery manufacturing factory were selected as subjects.The production noise in the workplace was measured and subjects were trained to wear earplugs.The PAR values of wearing 3M 1110 foam test earplugs were measured and recorded before and after the training by using the fit testing of hearing protection device.The differences between the actual PAR values with nominal values and the noise attenuation values in related standards were compared,and the protective effect of hearing protection device before and after training was evaluated.ResultsThe average age of the subjects was(36.76±11.48)years old,the average length of service was(16.34±11.64)years,and the average exposure time to noise was(15.67±11.64)years.The noise detection results of the subjects'posts were ranged from 80.1 to 94.3 dB(A).The results of subjects wore 3M 1110 foam test earplugs for fit testing showed that the binaural PAR value after training was(19.3±6.4)dB(A),which was significantly higher than that before training(11.1±7.4)dB(A)(t=13.31,P<0.001).After training,11 people(11.70%)could reach the corrected noise reduction value(NRR value),26 people(27.66%)could reach the standard of single noise reduction value(SNR value)×0.6,and 84 people(89.36%)could reach the standard of(NRR-7)/2.The under protection rate of hearing protectors after training(7.45%)was significantly lower than that before training(45.74%),and the difference of different protection levels before and after training was statistically significant(χ^(2)=40.83,P<0.001).ConclusionIt is suggested that enterprises should use the fit testing instead of nominal value estimation to evaluate the noise reduction effect of hearing protection device.Special training on the selection and use of

关 键 词：噪声 护听器 个人声衰减值 适合性检验 噪声防护效果 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]