刑事抽样证明适用存在的问题与应对  

Problems in the execution of criminal proof by sampling and the countermeasures

作　　者：刘鑫 潘学宁 Liu Xin;Pan Xuening(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing,100088.)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《证据科学》2024年第4期389-404,共16页Evidence Science

摘　　要：海量证据背景下,控方运用通过概率抽样或非概率抽样获取的样本证据以达指控目的已逐渐成为常态。然而,刑事抽样证明面临控方扩张适用、辩方辩护失灵的风险。通过梳理归纳刑事抽样证明的立法现状以分析现有立法存在的不足,在此基础上从细化抽样取证的适用条件、针对两种抽样方法分别明确选取证据样本的具体规则和强化保障辩方辩护权三方面尝试搭建合理的风险防控机制,以期为刑事抽样证明的合理运用提供保障。In the context of massive evidence,it has gradually become a normal practice that the prosecution files criminal charges based on the sample evidence obtained through probability sampling or nonprobability sampling.However,criminal proof by sampling encounters the risk of expanding application and the defense's failure.Through summarizing the current legislations on criminal proof by sampling,this paper analyzes the deficiencies of the existing legislations.On the basis of such analysis,this paper argues an attempt should be made to build a reasonable risk prevention and control mechanism,which should be conducted from three aspects:refining the applicable conditions of sample evidence collection,clarifying specific rules for sample selections for each of the two sampling methods,and reinforcing the safeguard of the defense right,in order to ensure a rational execution of criminal proof by sampling.

关 键 词：刑事抽样证明 抽样取证 概率抽样 非概率抽样 大样本证据 

分 类 号：D918.9[政治法律—法学]