刑事诉讼中抽样取证证明的规范运作  

The standardized execution of proof by sampling in criminal proceedings

作　　者：张迪[1] Zhang Di(China Institute of Legal Strategy,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海200042

出　　处：《证据科学》2024年第4期419-434,共16页Evidence Science

摘　　要：在刑事诉讼中,抽样证明存在抽样取证证明、抽样鉴定证明和鉴定抽样证明三种样态,其中,抽样取证证明特指侦查机关自行抽样和取证所进行的证明活动。抽样取证证明的规范引入源自于海量证据时代的到来、客观证明思维的松动及抽样取证的运行失范。既有法律规范中的抽样取证证明被主要定位为一种取证方法,该定位未看到其证明本质,无法为实践提供明确的规则指引。抽样取证证明可分为数值型和非数值型两种,本质上都是由侦查机关主导的依靠科学法则的证明方法,其抽样取证结果类似于专家意见。实现抽样取证证明的规范运作需在确立抽样取证报告之独立地位的基础上,完善其程序和技术规范、明确其质证规则、确立其审查规则并限制许可性推定的适用。In criminal proceedings,there are three types of proof by sampling,including proof by sampling in the investigation,forensic proof by sampling in the investigation and forensic proof by sampling at trial.Proof by sampling in the investigation refers to the proof carried out by investigation organs on the samples collected by such organs.The need of establishing standard guidance of proof by sampling stems from the emergence of massive evidence era,the loosening of objective proof thinking and the arbitrary operation of sample evidence collection.Under current law,proof by sampling in the investigation is deemed as an evidence collection method.Such understanding fails to recognize its essence as proof and cannot provide clear guideline for practice.Proof by sampling in the investigation can be divided into two types:quantitative and non-quantitative.In essence,they are both proof methods that rely on science and are conducted by investigation organs.The results that are derived from the two methods resemble expert opinions.The realization of the standardized execution of proof by sampling in the investigation should be based on the recognition of the independent status of forensic sampling report,along with the improvement of the procedural and technical rules,the clarification of the crossexamination rules,the establishment of the inspection rules,and the constriction on the presumptive permission of such proof.

关 键 词：抽样取证 证明方法 综合认定 推定 数额认定 

分 类 号：D918.9[政治法律—法学]