人脸识别作为刑事证据的实践检视与理论回应——以2013~2022年刑事裁判文书为研究样本  

A practical review of face recognition evidence in criminal cases and a theoretical response: a study ofcriminal case court decisions from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：付凤[1] 王瀚葳 Fu Feng;Wang Hanwei(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073.)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,武汉430073

出　　处：《证据科学》2024年第4期451-467,共17页Evidence Science

基　　金：2023年国家社科基金一般项目“情感计算司法应用的法律治理研究”(23BFX125)阶段性成果;中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项研究生科研创新平台项目资金资助。

摘　　要：对2013~2022年刑事裁判文书分析发现,侦查机关多将人脸识别结果作为涉案线索而非认定犯罪主体身份的证据使用。人脸识别作为证据普遍得到控辩审三方的认可和采纳,但三方看法迥异,且有关证据形式、证据属性界定仍面临归属难题和适用困境。未经法庭质证的人脸识别作为证据处于隐性适用状态,不利于该技术的发展和庭审实质化。为促进科技成果向诉讼证据转化,充分发挥人脸识别证据独特的证明价值,可将其参照鉴定意见相关规定予以规制。根据人脸识别证据的生成原理,弥合取证规范不足,平衡控辩对抗关系,确立证据审查标准及重点,以促进诉讼程序协调衔接,纾解该技术司法适用的问题与风险。An analysis of criminal case court decisions from 2013 to 2022 shows that the criminal investigative authority often utilizes face recognition result as investigative leads rather than identification evidence.Face recognition evidence is generally accepted and adopted by prosecutors,defense attorneys,and judges.However,they have different views on the matter.The attribution and characteristics of such evidence remain unresolved.Face recognition evidence that has not been subject to cross-examination is implicitly admissible at trial,but such practice may hinder facial recognition technology from getting improved and the substantiation of the court hearing from being realized.To facilitate the scientific achievements to get transformed to evidence and to fully utilize the unique probative value of such face recognition evidence,legislators can refer to the rules of expert opinion to regulate face recognition evidence.Based on the principles behind the generation of face recognition evidence, evidence collection measures are expected to be more standardized, a balance maybe achieved between the prosecution and defense, and the standard and focus of evidence scrutinization can beestablished. By doing so, legal proceedings can be coordinately connected, and thereby the possible problems andrisks in the application of facial recognition technology will be alleviated.

关 键 词：人脸识别 自动识别 裁判文书 证据种类 证据规则 

分 类 号：D918.9[政治法律—法学]