新《公司法》下国有独资公司董事会中心主义的理论证成与法律实现  

The Theoretical Proof and Legal Realization of the Board of Directors Centralism of Wholly State-owned Companies under theNewCompanyLaw

作　　者：刘亚菲 LIU Yafei

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第5期94-104,共11页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“适应新时代市场监管需要的权力配置研究”(项目编号:20&ZD194)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着中国特色社会主义市场经济体制的不断深化和国有资产的优化配置需求,国有独资公司的治理机制亟待改革。国有独资公司运行中的经理中心主义模式存在治理行政性、权力集中性、业务维稳性和决策短视性等特征,不利于公司的科学决策、治理制衡、市场创新以及持续发展。而从市场经济国际化发展的视角出发,董事会中心主义作为一种合理选择,有助于保障国有资产的保值增值,提升公司治理效率并促进市场化科学决策。故而,2023年修订通过的新《公司法》不仅在宏观立法目标和理念上强化了国有独资公司董事会治理中心思想,而且在公司经营职权和相称性义务与责任等具体制度安排上也给予了更多的供给和突破。这种趋势还有可待完善的空间,国有独资公司董事会中心主义的强化方案旨在构建一个高效科学的公司治理框架,要求调适与普通公司同质化的机构职权配置模式,明晰国有独资公司及其行权代表机构的权利边界,突出董事会的经营核心地位,尤其是独立的经济决策,并致力于培育和健全职业经理人市场。为此,在制度实现上可以确立专门立法的思路,规范国有独资公司的组织形式,特色化各组织机构的职权定位,赋予董事会高度经济决策的职权类型,并建立配套的国有独资公司职业经理人选入机制。With the deepening of the socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics and the demand for optimal allocation of state-owned assets,the governance mechanism of wholly state-owned companies is in urgent need of reform.The manager-centrism model in the operation of wholly state-owned companies is not conducive to scientific decision-making,governance checks and balances,market innovation and sustainable development of the company due to the administrative nature of governance,centralization of power,business stability maintenance,and short-sighted decision-making.From the perspective of internationalized development of market economy,board-centrism is a reasonable choice,which helps ensure the preservation and appreciatio of state-owned assets,improve the efficiency of corporate governance and promote market-oriented scientific decision-making.Therefore,the Company Law revised and adopted in 2023 not only strengthens the central governance idea of the board of directors of wholly state-owned companies in terms of macro-legislative objectives and concepts,but also gives more provisions and breakthroughs in terms of specific institutional arrangements such as the companys operating powers and proportionate obligations and liabilities.Of course,there is still room for improvement in this trend.Therefore,the program of strengthening the centrism of the board of directors of wholly state-owned companies aims to build an efficient and scientific corporate governance framework,which requires the adjustment of the instituitional power allocation model that is homogenized with that of ordinary company,the clarification of the boundaries of the powers of the stateowned company and its executive representative agency,the highlighting of the core position of the board of directors in operation,especially in independent economic decision-making,and the commitment to fostering and improve the market for professional managers.To this end,in the realization of the system,we can establish special legislation to regu

关 键 词：国有独资公司 经理中心主义 董事会中心主义 公司法 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]