轻微犯罪的制裁体系与刑行衔接——质与量的法理思辨  

The Sanction System and the Relationship between Crminal Punishment and Administrative Penalty of Misdemeanor:Qualitative and Quantitative Legal Reasoning

作　　者：王华伟[1] WANG Huawei

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2024年第5期161-172,共12页Law Review

摘　　要：随着轻微犯罪数量的增长,我国如何设置制裁体系和刑行衔接机制是无法回避的关键问题。在德国法和日本法的影响下,我国逐步形成了特殊的双层二元制裁体系,其思想基础在于对刑行关系采取了不同的理解。随着社会的发展,质的区分说和质量区分说都面临难以克服的问题,我国的制裁体系架构应当贯彻量的区分说。我国轻微犯罪应对体系的建构,应当维持治安处罚和刑事处罚构成的二元制裁体系。在刑行衔接问题上,则应当坚持立法定量模式,采取根据不法程度来界分的双层制裁体系。轻微犯罪应对体系的发展应当着眼于处罚轻缓,不可将其与轻罪扩张相混淆,在慎重增设行为类型的同时注意避免出现过罪化的问题。在此基础上,须进一步完善我国的双层二元制裁体系,实现轻微违法行为规制的合理分流,防止刑事制裁的入罪下限泛化。With the increase in the number of misdemeanor,the arrangement of sanction system and the relationship between criminal punishment and administrative penalty are key issues that cannot be avoided.Under the influence of German law and Japanese law,a special two-tier dual sanction system has gradually formed in China.Its ideological basis lies in different understandings of the relationship between criminal punishment and administrative penalty.With the development of society,both the qualitative distinction theory and the qualitative-quantitative distinction theory are facing insurmountable problems.China's sanction system should be structured according to the quantitative distinction theory.The construction of China's misdemeanor response system should maintain a dual sanction system consisting of administrative penalty and criminal punishment.On the issue of the relationship between the two sanctions,we should adhere to the quantitative model of legislation and adopt a two-tier sanction system based on the degree of illegality.The development of the misdemeanor response system should focus on mild punishment and should not be confused with the expansion of misdemeanors.While carefully adding types of criminal acts,attention should be paid to avoiding the problem of excessive criminalization.On this basis,China's two-tier dual sanction system should be further improved to achieve reasonable decriminalization of minor violations and prevent the blurring of the threshold for criminal sanctions.

关 键 词：轻微犯罪 制裁体系 刑行衔接 量的区分 处罚轻缓 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]