1960—2023年我国东北典型季节性冻土区冻融指数及冻土退化影响因素分析  

Correlation analysis of freezing and thawing index and factors affecting frozen soil degradation in typical seasonally frozen ground in northeast China during 1960—2023

作　　者：李保琦 张楚楚 周毓彦[2] 丁红 吕航[4] 常诚 燕玉亮 LI Baoqi;ZHANG Chuchu;ZHOU Yuyan;DING Hong;LYU Hang;CHANG Cheng;YAN Yuliang(School of Civil Engineering,Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,Shijiazhuang 050043,Hebei,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute,Harbin 150000,Heilongjiang,China;Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin,China;Songliao Basin Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Centre Station,Songliao Water Resources Commission,Changchun 130000,Jilin,China;School of Hydraulic and Electric Power,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄铁道大学土木工程学院,河北石家庄050043 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]黑龙江省水利科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000 [4]吉林大学,吉林长春130012 [5]松辽水利委员会松辽流域水土保持监测中心站,吉林长春130000 [6]黑龙江大学水利电力学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2024年第8期161-173,共13页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0207-02);国家自然科学基金项目(51909275,42172267);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室开放研究基金项目(IWHR-SKL-KF202316,IWHR-SKLKF202204);2022年度中国科协科技智库青年人才计划(20220615ZZ07110156);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY020)。

摘　　要：【目的】季节性冻土的冻融循环过程显著影响了流域水循环和冻土层的演变。明晰冻融过程演变规律,为保障季节性冻土区生态及水利水电工程的建设和运行管理提供理论支撑。【方法】基于我国东北部典型季节性冻土区的10个气象站和冻土观测站数据,分析1960—2020年冻融指数的时空分布特征,计算了最大冻结深度、冻结开始日期、完全融化日期、冻融期、冻土退化速率,并结合气候(年平均气温、冻结温度变化率、冻结指数、融化指数)及地理参数(经纬度、海拔),利用相关性分析评估1960—2023年典型季节性冻土区最大冻结深度、冻土退化速率与冻融状态的影响。【结果】我国东北部典型季节性冻土区冻结指数以55.10℃·d/10 a的速率减小,融化指数以60.80℃·d/10 a的速率增加。60 a间最大冻结深度范围为68.00~260.00 cm,冻土退化速率范围为0.07~1.45 cm/a,开始冻结日期推迟速率为1.15 d/10 a,完全融化日期以4.71 d/10 a的速率显著提前,冻融期以5.60 d/10 a的速率缩短。【结论】冻结指数与纬度的相关性大,而融化指数与海拔相关性强。我国东北部典型季节性冻土区最大冻结深度主要受年平均气温和纬度影响,冻土退化主要受冻结温度变化率影响,冻融期显著受年平均气温影响。[Objective]The freezing and thawing cycling process of seasonally frozen ground significantly affects the water cycle and the evolution of frozen soil layer in the watershed.The freeze-thaw cycle of seasonally frozen ground significantly affects the water cycle and the evolution of the seasonal frozen soil layer in the basin.The evolution of the freeze-thaw process is clarified to provide theoretical support for safeguarding the ecology of seasonally frozen ground and the construction and operation management of water conservancy and hydropower projects.[Methods]Based on the data from 10 meteorological stations and frozen soil observatories in the typical seasonally frozen ground in northeastern China,analysed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the freezing and thawing index from 1960 to 2020,and calculated the maximum freezing depth,the date of the start of freezing,the date of the complete thawing,the period of freezing and thawing,the rate of frozen soil degradation,and combined them with the climatic(annual average temperature,freezing temperature change rate,freezing index,thawing index)and geographic parameters(latitude,longitude,elevation),to assess the freeze-thaw status of frozen soil and the effects of maximum depth of frozen and frozen soil degradation rate on the typical seasonally frozen ground with freeze-thaw status from 1960 to 2023.[Results]The result show that the freezing index decreases at a rate of 55.10℃d/10a,moreover,the thawing index increases at a rate of 60.80℃d/10 a in the typical seasonally frozen ground in northeastern China.The maximum freezing depth ranges from 68.00 to 260.00 cm during the 60 years,and the rate of frozen-soil degradation ranges from 0.07 to 1.45 cm/a.the rate of delay in the date of the start of freezing is 1.15 d/10 a,the date of complete thawing is significantly advanced at a rate of 4.71 d/10 a,and the period of freezing and thawing is shortened at a rate of 5.60 d/10 a.[Conclusion]The freezing index is correlated with latitude,while th

关 键 词：冻融特征 时空演变 影响因素 贡献分解 季节性冻土区 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]