阿勒泰地区骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病情况调查与分析  

Investigation and Analysis of Subclinical Mastitis in Camels in the Altay Region

作　　者：郝景锋 李东贺 郭建国 加依娜·阿依坦 萨勒塔那提·哈努拉 郭菲 梅丽艳 于洪艳 HAO Jingfeng;LI Donghe;GUO Jianguo;Jiayina·Ayitan;Saletanati·Hainula;GUO Fei;MEI Liyan;YU Hongyan(Department of Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Tourism,Altay Vocational and Technical College,Altay 836500,China)

机构地区：[1]阿勒泰职业技术学院农牧旅游系,新疆阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2024年第9期62-66,共5页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01F23);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”创新领军人才项目;阿勒泰职业技术学院自然科学研究重点项目(AZY2021Z004)。

摘　　要：为了解新疆阿勒泰地区骆驼隐性乳腺炎的发病情况,以便科学防控该病。本试验对该地区7个县市骆驼养殖场和散养户的2 483峰骆驼进行流行病学调查,采用加州乳房炎检测法(CMT)进行隐性乳腺炎检测,对发病骆驼乳汁进行细菌分离鉴定,并统计分析不同区域、不同乳区、不同胎次、不同泌乳阶段、不同月份和不同挤奶方式的骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病情况。结果显示,骆驼隐性乳腺炎平均发病率为19.90%,其中福海县发病率最高,为32.07%,富蕴县发病率较低,为8.82%;在1 273个阳性乳区乳样中分离获得8种致病菌,共861株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌占22.18%、大肠杆菌占28.69%、链球菌占33.56%,为骆驼隐性乳腺炎主要致病菌;不同乳区骆驼隐性乳腺炎的发病率差异不显著(P>0.05);7胎次骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病率较高,达44.38%;骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病率与泌乳阶段存在一定关系,其中泌乳高峰期发病率最高,为39.15%;骆驼隐性乳腺炎的发生受季节影响较大,其中7-9月发病率最高,为43.33%;不同挤奶方式也和骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病率相互关联,采用手工挤奶的骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病率为54.67%,极显著高于机器挤奶(P<0.01)。结果表明,阿勒泰地区骆驼隐性乳腺炎发病率较高,与管理水平、区域、乳区、胎次、泌乳阶段、季节和挤奶方式有密切关系。To understand the incidence of subclinical mastitis in camels in the Altay region of Xinjiang for the purpose of scientifically preventing and controlling the disease,an epidemiological survey was conducted on 2 483 camels from 7 counties and cities in this region,including both camel farms and free-ranging herders.The California mastitis test(CMT) was used to detect subclinical mastitis.Bacterial isolation and identification were performed on the milk of affected camels,and the incidence of subclinical mastitis was analyzed in relation to different regions,mammary quarters,parity,lactation stages,months,and milking methods.The results showed an average incidence rate of 19.90% for subclinical mastitis in camels,with the highest rate in Fuhai County(32.07%) and the lowest in Fuyun County(8.82%).Of the 1 273 positive milk samples,8 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,totaling 861 strains,including Staphylococcus aureus(22.18%),Escherichia coli(28.69%),and Streptococcus(33.56%),which were the main pathogens causing subclinical mastitis.The incidence of subclinical mastitis did not show significant variation among different mammary quarters(P > 0.05).Camels in their 7th parity had a higher incidence rate of 44.38%.The incidence of subclinical mastitis was related to the lactation stage,with the highest incidence observed during peak lactation(39.15%).The occurrence of subclinical mastitis was significantly influenced by the season,with the highest incidence occurring from July to September(43.33%).Different milking methods were also associated with the incidence of subclinical mastitis;camels milked manually had a significantly higher incidence rate of 54.67% compared to those milked by machine( P < 0.01).The results indicate a high incidence of subclinical mastitis in camels in the Altay region,closely related to management practices,region,mammary quarters,parity,lactation stage,season,and milking methods.

关 键 词：阿勒泰地区 骆驼隐性乳腺炎 胎次 挤奶方式 乳区 

分 类 号：S857.2[农业科学—临床兽医学]