湿法炼锌酸浸液中铜锗的分离工艺及行为研究  

Separation Process and Behavior of Copper and Germanium in Acid Leaching Solution from Zinc Hydrometallurgy

作　　者：张朝波 邓志敢[2] 保雪凡 张程 戴兴征 付光 张特 魏昶[2] ZHANG Chaobo;DENG Zhigan;BAO Xuefan;ZHANG Cheng;DAI Xingzheng;FU Guang;ZHANG Te;WEI Chang(Yunnan Chihong Zn&Ge Co.,Ltd.,Qujing 655011,Yunnan,China;Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司,云南曲靖655011 [2]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2024年第10期98-105,共8页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：云南省科技人才计划项目-云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202405AC350015);云南省科技厅重大科技专项(202202AG050008,202302AB080012)。

摘　　要：在常规湿法炼锌工艺的中性浸出—酸浸逆流浸出过程中,酸浸液返回中性浸出时会导致酸浸液中的少部分铜和大部分锗沉淀进入中浸渣,造成铜的回收率低、锗未能直接分离富集。针对锌焙砂酸浸液中铜、锗的分离富集,研究酸浸液直接置换沉铜—中和沉淀富集锗工艺及过程中铜和锗的分离行为。结果表明:较低pH和较高铁粉加入量时会使得酸浸液中的铜和锗共沉淀;在溶液pH为1.5~2.0、铁粉加入系数为1.2、温度70℃的条件下反应20 min可实现溶液中铜和锗的有效分离,铜、锗的沉淀率分别为96.53%和2.51%;溶液中的砷与铜共同沉淀,置换渣中主要物相为Cu_(3)As和Cu_(2)O,置换渣中铜的质量分数为58.02%。沉铜后液在H_(2)O_(2)用量5 mL/L、温度70℃、时间2.5 h、终点pH为5.0~5.2的条件下,中和后液中铜、铁、锗的含量分别为16.52、1.39和0.43 mg/L,满足后续净化的要求;中和渣含锗2 501.40 g/t,可作为回收锗的原料。In the countercurrent leaching process of neutral leaching and acid leaching in traditional zinc hydrometallurgy process,a small part of copper and most of germanium in the acid leaching solution will precipitate into the leaching residue when the acid leaching solution returns to the neutral leaching process,resulting in low recovery of copper and failure of direct separation and enrichment of germanium.Focusing on the separation and enrichment of copper and germanium in acid leaching solution of zinc calcine,the separation behavior of copper and germanium in the process of directly copper replacement and germanium neutralization precipitation of acid leaching solution was studied.The experimental results show that higher amount of iron powder and lower pH value will cause coprecipitation of copper and germanium in the acid leaching solution.Under the conditions of the temperature of 70℃,iron powder stoichiometric addition of 1.2,time of two hours,pH value of 1.5—2.0,and reaction time of 20 minutes,the precipitation rate of germanium and copper is 2.51%and 96.53%respectively,which realizes effective separation of copper and germanium in solution.The arsenic in solution is co-precipitate with copper.The main phases in the cementation products are Cu_(3)As and Cu 2O,and the mass fraction of copper in replacement precipitate is 58.02%.Under the condition of H_(2)O_(2) dosage of 5 mL L,temperature of 70℃,time of 2.5 hours,and end point pH value of 5.0—5.2,the content of copper,iron and germanium in the neutralization solution is 16.52,1.39 and 0.43 mg L,respectively,which meets the requirements of subsequent purification.The neutralization residue is enriched with 2501.40 g t of germanium,which can be used as raw material for recovery of germanium.

关 键 词：锌焙砂酸浸液 置换沉铜 中和沉锗 分离 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF811TF843