循环复幼对水曲柳生长繁殖及生理的影响  

Effects of Cycle Rejuvenation on Growth,Reproduction and Physiology of Fraxinus mandshurica

作　　者：彭广州 刘建飞 王巧欣 付可琢 张烨 张晨曦 詹亚光[1,2] PENG Guangzhou;LIU Jianfei;WANG Qiaoxin;FU Kezhuo;ZHANG Ye;ZHANG Chenxi;ZHAN Yaguang(College of Life Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast For‐estry University),Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《植物研究》2024年第5期721-729,共9页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200303);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA19B201)。

摘　　要：为解决水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)因年龄效应而导致的插穗生根能力在3年生后显著下降的问题,以4年生水曲柳实生苗为研究对象,探究循环扦插复幼对克服年龄效应的作用,尤其是循环次数和截干处理2个关键因素对水曲柳萌蘖、生长和扦插生根的影响,以及循环复幼过程中水曲柳的生理变化。结果表明:循环复幼次数的增加和截干处理都能提高水曲柳的复幼程度,呈现萌生枝数量增加、枝条细化、茎节缩短的特征,同时显著提高扦插再生能力。在循环复幼次数达到3次且叠加截干处理时,与未循环复幼相比萌枝数量提高了6.56倍,生根率提高了7.44倍。循环复幼1~3次,植株生长素吲哚乙酸(IAA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)水平提高,赤霉素(GA3)水平在第3次时才显著提升,而脱落酸(ABA)水平呈逐渐下降趋势;循环复幼后植株中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,丙二醛(MDA)和可溶性糖含量减少。这些生理指标变化都与植株幼化状态相符。可见,循环复幼可有效恢复幼化状态,诱导水曲柳形成较高IAA、GA3和较低ABA水平的萌枝,同时降低了抗氧化酶活性、MDA与可溶性糖含量,有利于实现水曲柳复幼,从而提高扦插生根率,实现水曲柳良种的快速高效无性繁殖。To address the problem of the rooting ability of Fraxinus mandshurica cuttings significantly decreasing after three years due to age effect,four-year-old F.mandshurica seedlings were used to investigate the role of cycle rejuvenation through cuttings in overcoming age effect in this study.The impact of the number of cycles and topping treatment on the sprouting,growth,and rooting of F.mandshurica cuttings,as well as the physiological changes during its rejuvenation process were examined.The results showed that the measurement of increasing the number of rejuvenation cycles and topping treatment both enhanced the degree of rejuvenation in F.mandshurica,which were characterized by an increased number of sprouted branches,finer branches,and shorter internodes,while significantly improved the regeneration ability of the cuttings.When the number of rejuvenation cycles reached three and was combined with topping treatment,the number of sprouted branches increased by 6.56 times,and the rooting rate increased by 7.44 times compared to non-rejuvenated treatment.During one to three rejuvenation cycles,the indole acetic acid(IAA)and cytokinin(CTK)levels in the plants increased,the gibberellin(GA3)levels significantly increased only at the third cycle,and the abscisic acid(ABA)levels decreased gradually.After rejuvenation,the activities of catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and soluble sugars decreased in the regenerated plants.These physiological changes were consistent with the juvenile state of the plants.Cycle rejuvenation can effectively restore the juvenile state,induce the formation of sprouts with higher IAA and GA3 levels and lower ABA levels,and simultaneously reduce the oxidative state and soluble sugar content in F.mandshurica.These changes are beneficial for achieving rejuvenation of F.mandshurica,thereby increasing the rooting rate of F.mandshurica cuttings and enabling rapid and efficient clonal propagation of superior F.mandshurica varieties.

关 键 词：水曲柳 复幼 扦插 激素 抗氧化酶活性 可溶性糖含量 

分 类 号：Q945.4[生物学—植物学]