高校高水平女子足球运动员的注意力与空间工作记忆特征研究  

Study on the Attention and Spatial Working Memory Characteristics of High-Level Female College Soccer Players

作　　者：崔亚珍 张悦虹 许章元 赵琦 CUI Yazhen;ZHANG Yuehong;XU Zhangyuan;ZHAO Qi(Physical Education Institute of Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;Xiamen People's Primary School,Xiamen 361009,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学体育学院,福建厦门361021 [2]厦门市人民小学,福建厦门361009

出　　处：《体育科学研究》2024年第4期55-60,共6页Sports Science Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目“有氧运动提升药物戒断者自我控制功能的作用机制与路径研究”(23YJC890057);福建省社会科学基金博士扶持项目“福建省校园女子足球高质量发展对策研究”(FJ2023BF113);集美大学科研启动金“有氧运动对女性甲基苯丙胺成瘾者自我控制功能的影响及电生理特点”(Q202115)。

摘　　要：为探讨高校高水平女足运动员的注意力与空间工作记忆特征,对足球组和对照组共36名被试者进行《注意力测验》量表和空间工作记忆任务测试。结果显示:(1)足球组注意分配、注意广度和注意力总分均显著高于对照组。(2)足球组在1-back任务中,反应时显著低于对照组。并且当小球数量为1时,足球组反应时显著低于对照组。由此可见:高水平大学生女足运动员在注意力表现上呈现出较高的集中度和灵活性,与其对比赛环境的快速调整和对关键信息的敏感性相关。此外,她们在空间工作记忆方面也表现出显著的优势,受到长期训练对空间信息处理的积极影响。这些发现为进一步探索运动员认知特征提供了重要线索,并对足球运动训练和选拔策略做出了启示。To investigate the attention and spatial working memory characteristics of high-level female college soccer players.A total of 36 subjects,divided into a soccer group and a control group,were tested using the Attention Test Scale and spatial working memory tasks.Results:(1)The soccer group showed significantly higher scores in attention allocation,attention span,and total attention score compared to the control group.(2)In the 1-back task,the reaction time of the soccer group was significantly lower than that of the control group.Furthermore,when the number of balls was 1,the reaction time of the soccer group was significantly smaller than that of the control group.Conclusion:High-level female college soccer players demonstrate higher levels of concentration and flexibility in attention performance,which may be related to their ability to rapidly adjust to competitive environments and sensitivity to key information.Additionally,the soccer group also exhibits significant advantages in spatial working memory,likely due to the positive influence of long-term training on spatial information processing.These findings provide important clues for further exploring the cognitive characteristics of athletes and offer insights into soccer training and selection strategies.

关 键 词：女足 注意力 空间工作记忆 大学生运动员 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]