中国特色影子董事:新《公司法》第192条评析  

The Shadow Directors with Chinese Characteristics:An Analysis of Article 192 of the New Company Law

作　　者：葛伟军 Ge Weijun

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《法学杂志》2024年第5期114-132,共19页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金一般项目“受益股东的法律地位及权利保护研究”(项目编号:21BFX096)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：影子董事是指公司董事习惯于按照其指示而行事的人。影子董事对公司董事的指示是一种惯常和持续的指示,且该指示构成对公司董事会或者大多数董事的控制,而非个别董事的控制。新《公司法》第192条将适用主体限定于双控人,并未明确指示系惯常指示且对董事会或者大多数董事构成控制,也未明确将双控人视为董事或者将双控人置于董事地位而规制。相反,该条对双控人的行为直接予以规制,双控人与董高承担共同侵权的连带责任。因此,第192条并非严格意义上的影子董事,是借助影子董事的某些特征而对双控人行为的直接规制。“股东委派董事”模式下,委派股东和派出董事之间是一种委托关系。派出董事根据委派股东的指示而行事,是其法定义务,但是受到派出董事和公司之间组织关系的制约。A shadow director is someone who is normally directed,introduced and followed by the other directors of the company.The directions or instructions of the shadow director are habitual and ongoing,and the directions or instructions constitutes control over the board of directors or a majority of the directors,rather than the control of an individual director.Article 192 of the new Company Law limits the applicable subject to the dual-controllers,does not specify that the directors or instructions are habitual and controlling the board of directors or the majority of directors,and does not clearly consider the dual-controllers as directors or place the dual-controllers in the position of directors.On the contrary,the article directly regulates the actions of the dual controllers,and the dual controllers,directors and officers bear joint liability for the joint infringement.Therefore,Article 192 is technically not a shadow director,but rather a direct regulation of the behavior of dual-controllers with some characteristics of shadow directors.Under the mode of"directors designated by shareholders",the relationship between appointing shareholders and designated directors is a kind of principal-agent relationship.It is the legal obligation of the designated directors to act according to the instructions of the appointing shareholders,but it is restricted by the organizational relationship between the designated directors and the company.

关 键 词：双控人 影子董事 共同侵权 连带责任 派出董事 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]