范德瓦尔斯气体的状态方程与多方过程  

EQUATIONS OF STATES AND POLYTROPIC PROCESSES OF VAN DER WAALS GASES

作　　者：张龙 高国营[1] ZHANG Long;GAO Guoying(School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学物理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《物理与工程》2024年第3期16-21,41,共7页Physics and Engineering

摘　　要：范德瓦尔斯气体模型是对理想气体模型的一种修正,很多普通物理教材和文献对范德瓦尔斯气体的状态方程进行了讨论,但对过程方程很少讨论,尤其是结合物理图像的讨论。本文结合数学表达式和相关物理图像首先讨论了范德瓦尔斯气体的状态方程,并代入实际气体进行分析,再探究特殊的热力学过程,进而讨论一般的热力学过程,并与理想气体进行比较。讨论在热力学过程中功、内能、热量、热容量以及多方指数的变化,并结合相关实际应用,可以加深对范德瓦尔斯气体相关物理图像的理解。The van der Waals gas model is a modification to the ideal gas model,and many general physics textbooks and literatures discussed the equations of states for van der Waals gas,but the equations of thermodynamic processes are rarely involved,especially the explorations combining physical images.In this paper,the equations of states of van der Waals gas are explored in conjunction with mathematical expressions and relevant physical images,and the analyses are utilized in actual gases,then we investigate several specific thermodynamic processes,after that,general thermodynamic processes are discussed and compared with the ideal gas.The variations of work,internal energy,heat,heat capacity as well as polytropic exponent are studied with practical applications,which can deepen the understanding of the relevant physical images of the van der Waals gas.

关 键 词：范德瓦尔斯气体 状态方程 多方过程 多方指数 热容量 

分 类 号：O414.1[理学—理论物理]