基于服务空间可达性的急救医疗资源配置状况分析——以成都市为例  

Analysis of the spatial accessibility of emergency medical resource allocation:a case study of Chengdu

作　　者：姚文墨 徐歆辰 陈丹镝 YAO Wen-mo;XU Xin-chen;CHEN Dan-di(West China School of Public Health,Sichuan University/West China Fourth Hospital,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川成都610041 [2]四川大学华西-协和陈志潜卫生健康研究院姑息医学研究中心,四川成都610041

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第17期3185-3190,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的评估急救医疗服务空间可达性,为优化急救资源配置提供科学依据。方法纳入成都市提供急救医疗服务的机构为供给方,成都市人口为需求方,使用最近邻法和高斯两步移动搜索法从时间和供需两方面进行评估。结果从时间成本角度看整体可达性较好,急救反应时间平均为3.7 min,95.96%的人口能够在15 min内获得急救医疗服务,覆盖全市77.02%地域面积。从供需角度看空间可达性较差,仅5.04%的居民分布在空间可达性好和较好等级的区域,而该部分仅覆盖4.05%的地理面积。结论从整体上看,成都市急救医疗服务具有一定的空间性可达性,但差异较大,差异主要体现在中心城区和周边地区,其差异主要表现为急救反应时间成本和供需不平衡两个方面。因此,需进一步针对这两个方面进行优化,进一步提高急救效率,优化急救资源配置,以更大程度地保障人民的生命健康。Objective To assess the spatial accessibility of emergency medical services and provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of emergency resources.Methods Emergency medical service institutions in Chengdu were considered as suppliers,while the population of Chengdu was regarded as the demand side.The nearest neighbor method and the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method were used to evaluate accessibility from both a temporal and supply-demand perspective.Results From the perspective of time cost,the overall accessibility was relatively good,with an average emergency response time of 3.7 minutes.Moreover,95.96%of the population could access emergency medical services within 15 minutes,covering 77.02%of the city’s geographical area.However,from the supply-demand perspective,spatial accessibility was poor,with only 5.04%of residents located in areas classified as having good or relatively good accessibility,which covered only 4.05%of the geographical area.Conclusion Overall,Chengdu’s emergency medical services exhibit a certain level of spatial accessibility,but there are significant disparities,particularly between the central urban area and surrounding regions.These disparities are mainly reflected in emergency response time costs and imbalances in supply and demand.Therefore,further optimization is needed in these two areas to enhance emergency efficiency and improve resource allocation,thereby better safeguarding public health.

关 键 词：急救医疗服务 最近邻法 两步移动搜索法 

分 类 号：R197.1[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]