成都市饮用水中高氯酸盐分布特征与人群健康风险分析  

Distribution characteristics of perchlorate in drinking water in Chengdu and analysis of health risks to the population

作　　者：覃芳葵[1] 翟一凡 罗晓飞[1] 郭虹雨 兰苏 黄葵[1] 高绪芳[1] QIN Fang-kui;ZHAI Yi-fan;LUO Xiao-fei;GUO Hong-yu;LAN Su;HUANG Kui;GAO Xu-fang(Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]成都市疾病预防控制中心,四川成都610041 [2]四川省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第17期3218-3222,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2023年四川省医学会医学科研“成都市环境危害因素健康风险评估体系建立与应用研究(S23028)”。

摘　　要：目的在首次实施国家限值标准、明确检测方法的背景下,分析成都市饮用水中高氯酸盐分布特征及其影响因素,探讨成都居民经饮水暴露高氯酸盐的健康风险。方法2023年对成都市47家水厂(全部市政水厂、以地表水为水源的全部大型农村水厂)开展调查,分别于丰、枯水期采集每个水厂的水源水、出厂水和末梢水进行高氯酸盐检测,分析3类水样中高氯酸盐时间和空间分布特征及影响因素,评估成都居民经饮水暴露高氯酸盐的健康风险。结果水样总检出率为29.8%,浓度均低于国家限值标准;水源水、出厂水和末梢水均有检出;3类水样枯水期检出率均高于丰水期,检出浓度无差异;枯水期3类水样之间检出率无差异,丰水期出厂水检出率高于水源水,两水期各水样检出浓度均无差异;岷江水系的水源水有检出,沱江水系无检出;地表水源水枯水期检出率高于丰水期,地下水源水两水期检出率无差异;仅经消毒处理的出厂水检出率高于经完全处理者,检出浓度无差异;采用氯化和二氧化氯消毒方式的出厂水检出率、检出浓度均无差异;3类水样都检出的19个水厂主要分布在岷江流域人口集中地区。结论成都市饮用水中存在高氯酸盐污染,枯水期污染更严重,岷江水系污染面更广,水厂现有工艺去除高氯酸盐的效果不明显,地表水中高氯酸盐污染水平可能有下降趋势。现阶段成都居民经饮水暴露高氯酸盐的健康风险可接受,建议政府继续强化源头管控、技术指导与监测,以持续保障人群健康。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of perchlorate in drinking water in Chengdu and its influencing factors and explore the health risks associated with perchlorate exposure through drinking water among Chengdu residents,under the context of the initial implementation of national limit standards and clarified detection methods.Methods In 2023,an investigation was conducted at 47 water plants in Chengdu(including all municipal water plants and all large rural water plants using surface water as a source).Water samples from the source,treated water,and tap water were collected during both wet and dry seasons for perchlorate testing.The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of perchlorate in the three types of water samples and their influencing factors were analyzed to assess the health risks of perchlorate exposure through drinking water for Chengdu residents.Results The overall detection rate of water samples was 29.8%,with concentrations below national limit standards,and perchlorate was detected in all three types of water.The detection rates during the dry season were higher than those during the wet season,with no differences in detected concentrations.There were no differences in detection rates among the three types of water samples during the dry season,while the detection rate of treated water during the wet season was higher than that of source water,with no differences in detected concentrations across both seasons.Perchlorate was detected in source water from the Minjiang River system,but not in the Tuojiang River system.The detection rate of surface water source samples was higher during the dry season than during the wet season,while there were no differences in detection rates for groundwater sources across both seasons.Only the treated water that underwent disinfection had a higher detection rate compared to fully treated water,with no differences in detected concentrations.The detection rates and concentrations of treated water using chlorination and chlorine dioxide

关 键 词：成都市 饮用水 高氯酸盐 分布特征 人群健康风险 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]