宁夏回族自治区2012—2023年百日咳流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Ningxia hui autonomous region from 2012 to 2023

作　　者：周路平[1] 张颖[1] 刘玮 周莉薇[1] ZHOU Lu-ping;ZHANG Ying;LIU Wei;ZHOU Li-wei(Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2024年第17期3236-3241,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的明确2012—2023年宁夏回族自治区(简称宁夏)百日咳流行病学及时空聚集特征,为百日咳防控提供参考。方法病例信息来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统的传染病监测报告系统,免疫史信息来源于宁夏免疫规划信息系统,采用描述流行病学方法、时空扫描分析方法进行分析。结果2012—2023年宁夏报告百日咳1394例,年均发病率1.66/10万,发病整体呈波动上升,发病居前三位年度为2022年(16.78/10万)、2019年(1.02/10万)和2021年(0.70/10万),2013年无病例报告。发病呈单峰分布,7—8月为发病高峰。时空扫描分析共识别出2022年的9个时空聚集区,相对危险度最高为113.92,最低为5.81,覆盖4个地市和14个县区,其中一级聚集区为银川市金凤区,聚集时间2022年4—9月。高发人群集中在0岁组、1~4岁组和5~9岁组,2022年报告发病率均高于2019年,分别上升5.53、11.29和581.52倍。有免疫史和4剂次免疫史的病例占比分别为75.47%和60.40%。结论2012—2023年宁夏百日咳发病波动上升,存在时空聚集性;发病以0岁未完成基础免疫婴儿和5~9岁全程免疫学龄儿童为主;需要完善百日咳监测体系,优化百日咳免疫策略,提升疫苗及时接种。Objective To clarify the epidemiological and spatiotemporal clustering characteristics of pertussis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2023,providing reference for pertussis prevention and control.Methods Case information was obtained from the Infectious Disease Surveillance System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and immunization history information was obtained from the Immunization Planning Information System of Ningxia.Descriptive epidemiological methods and spatiotemporal scan analysis were used for analysis.Results From 2012 to 2023,totally 1394 pertussis cases were reported in Ningxia,with an average annual incidence rate of 1.66/100000.The overall incidence showed a fluctuating upward trend,with the highest annual incidence rates in 2022(16.78/100000),2019(1.02/100000),and 2021(0.70/100000).No cases were reported in 2013.The incidence showed a unimodal distribution,with a peak in July-August.Spatiotemporal scan analysis identified 9 spatiotemporal clusters in 2022,with a relative risk ranging from 5.81 to 113.92.These clusters covered 4 municipalities and 14 counties,with the primary cluster located in Jinfeng District of Yinchuan city,with a clustering period from April to September 2022.The high-risk population was concentrated in the age groups of 0 years,1 to 4 years,and 5 to 9 years,with significantly higher incidence rates in 2022 compared to 2019,increasing by 5.53 times,11.29 times,and 581.52 times,respectively.The proportions of cases with immunization history and complete four-dose immunization history were 75.47%and 60.40%,respectively.Conclusion From 2012 to 2023,pertussis incidence in Ningxia showed a fluctuating upward trend with spatiotemporal clustering.The disease mainly affected infants with incomplete basic immunization and school-age children(5 to 9 years)without complete immunization.It is necessary to improve the pertussis surveillance system,optimize pertussis immunization strategies,and enhance timely vaccination.

关 键 词：百日咳 流行病学特征 疫苗接种 

分 类 号：R516.6[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]