丝蛋白生物材料用于周围神经修复的研究进展  

Research progress of silk-based biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration

作　　者：吴俊峰 孔祥东[1] 吕强[2] WU Junfeng;KONG Xiangdong;LÜQiang(Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou Zhejiang,310018,P.R.China;Institutes for Translational Medicine,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu,215123,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学材料科学与工程学院智能生物材料研究所,杭州310018 [2]苏州大学转化医学研究院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《中国修复重建外科杂志》2024年第9期1149-1156,共8页Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52273143)。

摘　　要：目的系统介绍丝蛋白生物材料治疗周围神经损伤的研究进展,为治疗大尺寸周围神经损伤提供新思路。方法广泛查阅近年来丝蛋白生物材料治疗周围神经损伤的相关文献,归纳总结利用丝蛋白构建神经再生微环境促进周围神经修复的不同方案。结果以丝蛋白材料为基质已开发出多种具有仿生微结构的组织工程神经导管,不同微结构促进神经修复的作用机制不同。仿生多孔结构可为损伤部位的物质交换提供保障,同时阻碍瘢痕组织侵入;仿生取向结构可诱导再生神经定向生长,而多通道结构有利于促进轴突延长;神经导管内的填充物可主动调控细胞生长、迁移和分化。除了仿生结构设计,基于丝蛋白材料可实现神经营养因子和生物活性药物的加载控释,为神经再生提供生化信号。仿生结构和活性成分的加载能够从不同方面优化周围神经再生微环境,提升修复效果,而综合多种优化方案实现神经再生微环境的多维度调控是治疗大尺寸周围神经损伤的重要策略。结论丝蛋白作为功能化的材料平台可实现仿生结构的多重设计和多种活性成分加载,为神经再生提供适宜微环境,促进神经组织功能恢复。结合多种神经再生的优化策略,拓展丝蛋白支架在神经组织修复中的应用范围,实现大尺寸周围神经损伤的有效治疗是未来重要发展方向。Objective To describe the research progress of silk-based biomaterials in peripheral nerve repair and provide useful ideals to accelerate the regeneration of large-size peripheral nerve injury.Methods The relative documents about silk-based biomaterials used in peripheral nerve regeneration were reviewed and the different strategies that could accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration through building bioactive microenvironment with silk fibroin were discussed.Results Many silk fibroin tissue engineered nerve conduits have been developed to provide multiple biomimetic microstructures,and different microstructures have different mechanisms of promoting nerve repair.Biomimetic porous structures favor the nutrient exchange at wound sites and inhibit the invasion of scar tissue.The aligned structures can induce the directional growth of nerve tissue,while the multiple channels promote the axon elongation.When the fillers are introduced to the conduits,better growth,migration,and differentiation of nerve cells can be achieved.Besides biomimetic structures,different nerve growth factors and bioactive drugs can be loaded on silk carriers and released slowly at nerve wounds,providing suitable biochemical cues.Both the biomimetic structures and the loaded bioactive ingredients optimize the niches of peripheral nerves,resulting in quicker and better nerve repair.With silk biomaterials as a platform,fusing multiple ways to achieve the multidimensional regulation of nerve microenvironments is becoming a critical strategy in repairing large-size peripheral nerve injury.Conclusion Silk-based biomaterials are useful platforms to achieve the design of biomimetic hierarchical microstructures and the co-loading of various bioactive ingredients.Silk fibroin nerve conduits provide suitable microenvironment to accelerate functional recovery of peripheral nerves.Different optimizing strategies are available for silk fibroin biomaterials to favor the nerve regeneration,which would satisfy the needs of various nerve tissue repair.Bioacti

关 键 词：丝蛋白 神经导管 周围神经 组织工程 神经生长因子 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程]