矿业权出让制度的理论阐释与规则建构  

Theoretical Explanation and Rule System Construction of the System for Assignment of Mineral Rights

作　　者：屈茂辉[1] Qu Maohui

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第5期91-102,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：湖南省自然资源厅重大科研项目“湖南省全民所有自然资源资产产权体系实现机制创新研究”(ZFCG2022068004)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：矿业权出让制度的逻辑起点,是国家基于资源所有者身份与民事主体有偿创设用益物权,具有主体特定性、方式公开性、合同基础性、行为有偿性与法权期限性。现行制度以“出让”为名行“许可”之实,不仅悖于法理,也与社会主义市场经济体制的目标指向相背离,制度设计应回归其本原。在主体构造中,应设定国务院为矿产资源国家所有权的代表主体,而自然资源部及县级以上地方人民政府则为所有权行使的代理主体,且县级政府的代理应限于砂石矿等特定类型矿种。基于主体的功能与性质,营利法人与营利非法人组织可成为矿业权主体,但非营利法人、特别法人和非营利非法人组织与自然人则不宜。行政管理性的矿产登记管理系统与矿业权市场发展背向而行,矿业权出让登记应纠正该问题,构造为区别于行政许可、以物权登记为核心的科学体系,并纳入不动产统一登记体系之中。修订中的《矿产资源法》应予吸纳和体现。The logical starting point of the system for assignment of mineral rights is that the state creates usufruct rights with a civil subject for a fee based on the status of the resource owner,which is subject-specific,open,contract-based,remunerative and time-limited nature of rights.The current system of“licensing”in the name of“granting”is not only contrary to legal theory but also deviates from the objective of the socialist market economy system.System design should return to its principles.In the construction of the subject system,it should be clear that the State Council is the representative subject of state ownership of mineral resources,while the Ministry of Natural Resources and governments above the county level in the districts are the agents of ownership,and agency authority of the county-level government shall be limited to specific types of mines,such as sand and gravel mines;profit-making legal persons and profit-making unincorporated organisations can be the subjects of mining rights,but non-profit-making legal persons,special legal persons,non-profit-making unincorporated organisations and natural persons are not.The administrative mineral registration and management system is contrary to the development of the mineral rights market,and the registration of mineral rights should rectify this problem and be structured as a scientific system that is different from administrative licensing and centred on the registration of property rights,and be incorporated into a unified registration system for immovable property.This should be fully reflected in the Mineral Resources Law,which is under revision.

关 键 词：矿业权 出让 主体 不动产登记 法律修订 

分 类 号：D922.62[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]