判例权威逻辑之证成  

The Proof of Authority Logic of Case Law

作　　者：许庆永[1] Xu Qingyong

机构地区：[1]青岛大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2024年第5期103-114,共12页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“在线纠纷解决机制(ODR)革新优化研究”(22FFXB047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在指导性案例制度的先行带动下,我国已在判例制度化的道路上悄然前行。判例制度的制度效用有赖于判例权威的形成,但目前判例权威位阶体系混乱、判例权威正当性缺乏解释、判例权威正当性维系手段缺失等问题,遏制了判例的制度化进程。对于判例权威位阶体系的厘清,应当明确指导性案例、上级法院判例以及一般判例具有强弱参差的权威位阶,以此指引实践中判例的有序适用。对判例权威正当性的恰当解释,应明确指导性案例的权威来源于依法裁判的制度性拘束,上级法院判例权威取决于下级法院对上级法院的体制性权威遵从,一般判例权威则来源于法律职业共同体的向心力约束,以此为判例权威提供理论支撑。对判例权威正当性维系方式的发掘,应推动指导性案例适时退出和有理由背离的规范化,将省高级法院作为判例制度“上通下达”的中转纽带建构判例权威的升级路径,通过强化一般判例的释法说理培育判例市场的形成,以确保判例的理性与指导力。Under the impetus of guiding case system,our country has stealthily advanced along the path of precedent institutionalization.The potency of case system depends on the formation of case authority.Yet,the system’s efficacy is impeded by an unclear hierarchy of case authority,insufficient justification for its legitimacy,and a lack of mechanisms to preserve it.For the clarification of the authority hierarchy system of case law,it’s essential to delineate the varying degrees of authority among guiding cases,superior court precedents,and general precedents.The legitimacy of case authority should be grounded in the institutional constraints of legal judgments for guiding cases,the adherence of lower courts to the authority of superior courts,and the normative influence of the legal profession for general cases.Exploring ways to maintain the legitimacy of case authority involves promoting the standardization of timely updates and justifiable deviations of guiding cases,establishing an upgrade path for case authority with provincial high courts as the nexus,and fostering a case market through enhanced interpretation of general case law,so as to ensure the rationality and guiding power of case law.

关 键 词：判例制度 权威位阶体系 权威正当性解释 权威正当性维系 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]