国际社会深海采矿反对之声的演变、根源与应对  

The Evolution,Root Causes and Responses of the International Community's Opposition to Deep⁃Sea Mining

作　　者：李雪威 李佳兴 LI Xuewei;LI Jiaxing(Shandong University,Weihai 264209,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学,山东威海264209

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2024年第8期76-89,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：2024年山东省社科规划研究重点项目“深海领域安全对国际海洋战略格局的影响及对策研究”(24BGJJ01)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：伴随深海采矿业迈入关键阶段,各方围绕深海采矿的立场分歧也愈发凸显,形成开发促进派、环保至上派、开发观望派与开发霸权派等不同立场。深海采矿反对之声历经初现、扩散阶段后,开始在国际海底管理局中扩大影响力。因受生态环境认知不足、自身利益分化以及地缘政治意识等因素影响,环保至上派对深海开发持消极态度,呼吁预防性暂停、暂停或禁止深海采矿,并在国际海底管理局内阻扰深海开发议题的推进,影响深海资源开采相关法律法规的有序出台,加剧国际海底战略博弈。国际社会应增进深海科学领域合作研究,发展绿色采矿技术,提升发展中国家参与国际海底事务的能力,促进“深海采矿规章”谈判工作,并构建深海采矿伙伴关系,维护和平稳定、利益共享的国际海底秩序。中国作为深海采矿的支持者,应不断提升深海开发能力,增强在国际海底管理局中的影响力,成为国际海底事务的引领者与贡献者。As the deep⁃sea mining industry has entered a critical stage,the differences in positions on deep⁃sea mining have become prominent,forming different positions such as development promotion,environ⁃mental protection supremacy,development wait⁃and⁃see faction and development hegemony.After an initial and proliferating phase,the opposition to deep⁃sea mining began to expand its influence in the International Seabed Authority.Due to the factors such as insufficient understanding of the ecological environment,diver⁃gence of self⁃interest,and geopolitical awareness,environmental protection supremacy has a negative atti⁃tude towards deep⁃sea development,calling for a preventive moratorium,suspension and/or ban on deep⁃sea mining,and obstructing the advancement of deep⁃sea development within the International Seabed Au⁃thority,affecting the orderly introduction of laws and regulations related to deep⁃sea resource exploitation,and intensifying the international seabed strategic game.The international community should enhance coop⁃eration and research in the field of deep⁃sea science,develop green mining technologies,enhance the ca⁃pacity of developing countries to participate in international seabed affairs,promote the negotiation of deep⁃sea mining regulations,and build partnerships for deep⁃sea mining,so as to maintain a peaceful,stable and benefit⁃sharing international seabed order.As a supporter of deep⁃sea mining,China should continue to improve its deep⁃sea development capabilities,enhance its influence in the International Seabed Authority,and become a leader and contributor to international seabed affairs.

关 键 词：国际海底区域 深海矿产资源开发 深海采矿反对之声 国际海底管理局 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]