基于总量和有效态的长沙市土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Changsha City Based on Total and Available Content of Soil Heavy Metals

作　　者：蒋艳萍 赵芳 彭耀 尹宇莹 茹赛红 胡芳 Jiang Yanping;Zhao Fang;Peng Yao;Yin Yuying;Ru Saihong;Hu Fang(Changsha Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Hunan Province,Changsha 410000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省长沙生态环境监测中心,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第14期102-106,共5页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：以长沙市采集的100个土壤样品为研究对象,从土壤重金属总量和有效态含量角度入手,深入分析了研究区域内土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu 4种重金属元素的污染现状,并采用Hakanson潜在生态风险评价法开展4种金属元素的生态风险评估。结果表明:Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu元素在土壤中均有不同程度的积累,其中Cd元素积累最明显;4种重金属元素生物有效性系数比较为:Cd(67.6%)>Pb(24.2%)>Cu(23.0%)>Cr(0.9%),Cd环境污染风险最大;Pb、Cd、Cu 3种元素的总量是控制有效态含量的主要因素,Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu 4种元素的生物有效性系数大小主要受有效态含量的影响;无论是从重金属总量还是从有效态含量角度分析,Cd元素均是研究区域内最主要的潜在生态风险因子,而其余3种重金属元素生态污染风险低。基于重金属总量和有效态含量的4种重金属综合生态风险处于强的水平。In this paper,100 soil samples collected in Changsha city were taken as the research object,and the pollution characteristics of Cd,Pb,Cr and Cu were deeply analyzed from the perspective of the total and available content of soil heavy metals,and the ecological risk assessment of four heavy metals was carried out by Hakanson potential ecological risk assessment.Results showed that there were different degrees of accumulation in Cd,Pb,Cr and Cu,especially Cd.The biological availability coefficient of four heavy metals was Cd(67.6%)>Pb(24.2%)>Cu(23.0%)>Cr(0.9%),and Cd had the greatest risk of environmental pollution.The total content of Pb,Cd and Cu is the main factor to control the available heavy metal.The bioavailability coefficients of Cd,Pb,Cr and Cu were mainly affected by the available content of soil heavy metals.From the perspective of total or available content of soil heavy metals,Cd is the most important potential ecological risk factor in the study area,while the other three heavy metals have low ecological pollution risks.The comprehensive ecological risks of four heavy metals based on the total and available content of soil heavy metals was at a strong level.

关 键 词：土壤重金属总量 重金属有效态 污染特征 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：Q938[生物学—微生物学]