杭州市常见园林植物对鸟类取食偏好的影响研究  

Influence of Common Garden Plants in Hangzhou on Bird Feeding Preferences

作　　者：王亚鸿 李坤 陈曦 黄丽瑗 孙小龙 钱铭仪 赵宏波[1] Wang Yahong;Li Kun;Chen Xi;Huang Liyuan;Sun Xiaolong;Qian Mingyi;Zhao Hongbo(College of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第13期51-57,63,共8页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：为了解鸟类喜好取食的植物及其类型,揭示食源植物对鸟类取食行为的作用规律。以浙江农林大学东湖校区的常见食源植物和鸟类为研究对象,采用焦点观察法记录鸟类对食源植物的取食情况。结果表明:①共记录到37种鸟类,取食行为7398只次,有48种食源植物被鸟类取食;②吸引鸟类取食数量最多的是桂花(Osmanthus fragrans)、浙江柿(Diospyros japonica)、重阳木(Bischofia polycarpa)等,吸引鸟类物种数最多的为樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)、乌桕(Triadica sebifera)、桂花等。鸟类对核果、浆果等肉质果表现出明显偏好,而果实内部的种子可满足不同食性鸟类需求,叶、花对鸟类实际作用有限。不同鸟类在食物偏好上具有差异性,其中白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)在食物选择上反映了广泛的食性和高度的适应性。此外,鸟类在选择食源植物时,主要受到其自身季节性行为动态的影响。其取食行为与食源植物的物候期一定程度上存在联系,根据食源植物的生长阶段和果实成熟度来选择取食时机。基于以上取食规律,建议园林植物配置选择桂花、浙江柿等核果、浆果类植物,同时辅以乌桕等提供种子食源的植物。为确保四季有食源,应依据植物物候期选择食源植物,增加樟树、冬青(Ilex chinensis)等冬季挂果期长的植物种植量。In order to find out what kinds of plants birds like to feed on,and to reveal the effect of food-source plants on bird feeding behavior,in this study,the common foodborne plants and birds of Donghu Campus of Zhejiang A&F University were used as the objects,and the focus observation method was used to observe bird feeding behavior.The results showed that:①A total of 7398 bird feeding behavior of 37 species birds were recorded,and 48 plant species were eaten by birds.②Osmanthus fragrans,Diospyros japonica,Bischofia polycarpa,etc.,and the plants with the largest number of bird species were Cinnamomum camphora,Triadica sebifera,and Osmanthus fragrans.Birds showed obvious preference for fleshy fruits such as drupes and berries,while the seeds inside the fruits could meet the needs of birds with different feeding habits,and the actual effects of leaves and flowers on birds were limited.Different birds have different food preferences.Pycnonotus sinensis reflects various diets and strong adaptability in food choices.In addition,birds are mainly influenced by their own seasonal behavioral dynamics when choosing plants.Their feeding behavior is related to the phenological stage of plants to a certain extent,and the feeding time is related to the growth stage of the plant and the ripeness of the fruit.Based on the above feeding rules,it is recommended to choose drupes and berries,supplemented by plants that provide seed food sources such as Triadica sebifera.In order to ensure enough food source in all seasons,food source plants should be selected according to the phenological period of plants,and the planting amount of plants with long fruiting period in winter,such as Cinnamomum camphora and Ilex chinensis,should be increased.

关 键 词：鸟类取食行为 食源植物 取食规律 植物景观 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]