6个甜樱桃品种(系)物候期及花器特征研究  

Study on the Phenological Period and Flower Organs Characteristics of 6 Prunus Avium Linn Cultivars(Strains)

作　　者：张亚杰 位杰 谢宏江 崔龙 蒋媛 肖欢 贾存花 姚文英 Zhang Yajie;Wei Jie;Xie Hongjiang;Cui Long;Jiang Yuan;Xiao Huan;Jia Cunhua;Yao Wenying(Agricultural Scientific Institute of 2nd Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tiemenguan 841005,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所,新疆铁门关841005

出　　处：《绿色科技》2024年第13期79-83,89,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团第二师铁门关市科技计划项目(编号:2021NYGG03);新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关项目(编号:S2023AB1855)。

摘　　要：以6个甜樱桃品种(系)为试材,观察物候期和花器结构特征,并采用血球计数器法测定花粉量。结果表明:在满足各品种休眠需冷量的条件下,甜樱桃物候期规律为:芽膨大期到始花期8~10 d,始花期到盛花始期1~3 d,盛花始期到盛花末期结束6~9 d,盛花末期到末花期2~4 d,物候期会受栽培环境因素影响而上下浮动。‘齐早’‘马什哈德’‘桑提娜’‘波兰8号’‘波兰9号’‘5-S4’这6个甜樱桃品种均为单瓣花,圆形白色花瓣,花瓣5枚、花萼5片、雌蕊1枚、雄蕊26~37枚,花瓣顶端形状微凹,盛开花瓣着生状态分离,花序类型均为伞形花序,花序轴均无,萼片状态均为反折,仅花萼筒形状和萼筒、萼片长度比略有差异;不同品种(系)花序花朵数、单花雄蕊数、花冠直径、花瓣纵横径方面有不同程度的差异,供试品种花序花朵数均在3~5朵花;本研究将甜樱桃品种的单药花粉量分为6类,生产上配置授粉树时可供参考,‘齐早’‘马什哈德’‘波兰8号’的花粉量类型为极多,‘桑提娜’‘波兰9号’‘5-S4’的花粉量类型为多;‘齐早’‘波兰8号’‘5-S4’这3个品种在该地区表现较好,可作为新疆地区温室种植的主推品种。研究为新疆地区设施甜樱桃栽培品种选择与配置提供了参考。6 Prunus avium Linn cultivars(strains)were used in this experiment.The phenological period and floral structure of 6 Prunus avium Linn cultivars(strains)were observed,while the pollen quantity was determined by using a hemocytometer.The results showed that the phenological period of Prunus avium Linn was as follows:8~10 d from flower bud expansion stage to initial flowering stage,1~3 d from initial flowering stage to peak flowering stage,6~9 d from peak flowering stage to the end of peak flowering stage,2~4 d from peak flowering stage to the end of peak flowering stage.The phenological period would vary depending on the cultivation environment.The Prunus avium Linn cultivars(strains)'Qizao','Mashhad','Santina','Poland No.8','Poland No.9'and'5-S4'all exhibit simple flower,round white petals,consisting of 5 petals,5 calyx lobes,1 pistil,and a range of 26~37 stamens.The upper surface of the petals displays a slight concave shape with distinct separation between blooming petals,while the inflorescence type is umbel-shaped.Notably,there is an absence of an inflorescence axis and the sepals are recurved;only minor variations exist in terms of calyx tube morphology and the length ratio between calyx tube and sepal.The inflorescence exhibited variations in the number of flowers,the quantity of stamens per individual flower,the diameter of the corolla,and the size of petals among different varieties.Additionally,a range of 3~5 flowers per inflorescence was observed in the tested cultivars(strains).The single drug pollen quantity of Prunus avium Linn cultivars(strains)in this study was classified into six groups,providing a valuable reference for tree pollination management in production.'Qizao','Mashhad',and'Poland No.8'belong to the category with the highest pollen quantity,while'Santina','Poland No.9',and'5-S4'fall into the category with a relatively higher pollen quantity.The 3 cultivars(strains),namely'Qizao','Polan No.8',and'5-S4',have exhibited exceptional performance in this region and can be regarded as the primar

关 键 词：甜樱桃 物候期 花器特征 花粉量 品种 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]