耕种模式对河西绿洲灌区玉米茎叶养分吸收及产量的影响  

Effects of Farming Patterns on Nutrient Uptake of Stems and Leaves and Yield of Maize in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area

作　　者：石昊 杨彩红[1] 崔文强 姜晓敏 SHI Hao;YANG Caihong;CUI Wenqiang;JIANG Xiaomin(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物研究》2024年第4期261-271,共11页Crop Research

基　　金：甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2021-12)。

摘　　要：为探究河西绿洲干旱农业区不同耕种模式对玉米茎叶养分及产量的影响,分别将免耕(NT)、传统翻耕(CT)2种耕作方式与小麦玉米间作(W/M)、麦后插播冬油菜玉米轮作(W-G→M)、小麦玉米轮作(W→M)3种种植模式相结合,共设置6种模式处理,对不同模式下玉米茎叶的N、P、K、有机碳(OC)含量及产量进行比较分析。结果表明:在玉米生育期内,W/M模式下NT处理玉米叶中的N、P、K含量和茎中的N、K含量分别较CT处理高13.54%、26.66%、8.70%和8.00%、12.93%;W-G→M模式下,NT处理叶中的P、K含量和茎中的N、P、K、OC含量分别较CT处理高9.79%、14.72%和8.06%、14.13%、5.45%、0.44%;W→M模式下,NT处理叶中的P、K、OC含量和茎中的N、K、OC含量分别较CT处理高4.24%、3.82%、6.47%和13.21%、15.35%、0.05%。与轮作相比,W/M模式下茎中的N、K、OC含量分别较W-G→M高1.16%、9.09%、12.38%,较W→M模式则分别提高7.80%、3.66%、1.10%;W-G→M模式下叶中的N、P、OC含量和茎中的P含量分别较W→M模式高0.07%、5.76%、2.26%和5.72%。玉米成熟期,NT处理的玉米较CT处理平均增产8.72%,且W/M模式的土地当量比(LER)均大于1,NTW/M模式表现更好。综合分析,免耕有利于提高玉米茎叶中的养分含量,间作种植有利于作物增产增收,免耕小麦玉米间作模式可在河西灌区推广实践。In order to explore the effects of different tillage modes on the nutrient content and yield of maize stems and leaves in arid agricultural areas of Hexi oasis,this experiment combined two tillage modes of no-tillage(NT)and traditional tillage(CT)with three planting modes of wheat-corn intercropping(W/M),winter rapeseed-corn rotation(W-G→M)and wheat-corn rotation(W→M)to study the effects of six different treatments on the N,P,K and organic carbon(OC)content of stems and leaves and yield of maize.The results showed that the N,P,K content of leaf,N and K content of stem of NT treatment were 13.54%,26.66%,8.70%,8.00%and 12.93%higher than those of CT treatment in maize growth period under W/M mode,respectively.Under W-G→M mode,the leaf P,K,stem N,P,K and OC of NT treatment were 9.79%,14.72%,8.06%,14.13%,5.45%and 0.44%higher than those of CT treatment,respectively.Under W→M mode,leaf P,K,OC,stem N,K,OC of NT treatment were 4.24%,3.82%,6.47%,13.21%,15.35%,0.05%higher than CT treatment,respectively.Compared with rotation,stem N,K and OC of W/M were 1.16%、9.09%and 12.38%higher than those of W-GM respectively,which were 7.80%,3.66%and 1.10%higher than W→M model.the leaf N,P,OC content and stem P content of W-G→M mode were 0.07%,5.76%,2.26%and 5.72%higher than those of W→M mode,respectively.At maturity stage,the average yield of maize under NT treatment was 8.02%higher than that under CT treatment,and the LER under W/M mode were all greater than 1,indicating that NTW/M performed better.This study found that the no-tillage is beneficial to increase the nutrient content of maize stem and leaf,and intercropping is beneficial to increase crop yield.Therefore,no-tillage wheat-maize intercropping mode can be popularized in Hexi irrigation area.

关 键 词：耕作方式 种植模式 玉米 养分吸收 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]