止口结构影响下的螺栓组装配工艺研究  

Research on Assembly Process of Bolt Group Under the Influence of Rabbet Structure

作　　者：郭钢毅 袁志伟 孙清超[1] 穆晓凯[1] GUO Gang-yi;YUAN Zhi-wei;SUN Qing-chao;MU Xiao-kai(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Liaoning Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学机械工程学院

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第9期6-11,15,共7页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金--制造/装配信息不确知的精密系统孪生数据馈进设计(52005081)。

摘　　要：螺栓-止口连接结构在航空航天、机床、高铁、掘进装备等工业产品中有着广泛的应用。但是止口结构的存在,影响了最终螺栓预紧力分布的一致性,而且针对止口影响下的螺栓预紧力变化规律缺乏相关的理论与工艺试验研究这一现状,本文开展了止口结构影响下的螺栓预紧力变化规律理论分析与工艺试验研究。定性分析了止口结构影响下的预紧力变化规律,建立了止口结构影响下的螺栓预紧力变化的理论模型,并开展含有24颗螺栓的螺栓连接试件与螺栓-止口连接试件的对比试验,试验结果表明,热装工艺完成后,止口结构会对上连接件产生一个“撬力”作用,造成连接界面出现不均匀的缝隙,在这种情况下,输入的扭矩需要先克服止口对上连接件作用的“撬力”,输入能量会有所损失,造成了平均预紧力的下降;同时,止口结构的存在同时会减小螺栓预紧力的分散性,针对这种现象设计了一种压板并提出了均压工艺,试验结果表明,采用均压工艺以后再对螺栓组进行拧紧不仅可以抵消止口结构“撬力”的影响,使螺栓组的平均预紧力有所提高,还能使螺栓预紧力分散性降低,提高装配质量。相关研究结果对螺栓-止口连接结构的工艺设计具有积极意义。The bolt-rabbet connection structure has a wide range of applications in industrial products such as aerospace,ma⁃chine tools,high-speed rail,and tunneling equipment.However,the existence of the rabbet structure affects the consistency of the final bolt pre-tightening force distribution,and in view of the lack of relevant theoretical and technological experimental research on the change law of the bolt pre-tightening force under the influence of the rabbet,this paper has carried out the theoretical analysis and process test research on the change rule of bolt pre-tightening force under the influence of rabbet structure.The quali⁃tative analysis of the pre-tightening force change rule under the influence of the rabbet structure is established,the theoretical model of the bolt pre-tightening force change under the influence of the rabbet structure is established,and the bolt connection test piece with 24 bolts and the bolt-rabbet connection test are carried out.The test results show that after the hot-fitting process is completed,the rabbet structure will produce a"pry force"effect on the upper connector,causing uneven gaps in the connection in⁃terface.In this case,the input torque needs to overcome the"prying force"exerted by the rabbet on the upper connector first,and the input energy will be lost,resulting in a decrease in the average pre-tightening force;the existence of the rabbet structure will reduce the dispersion of the pre-tightening force of the bolt group at the same time.In response to this phenomenon,a pressure plate was designed and a pressure equalization process was proposed.The test results show that tightening the bolt group after the pressure equalization process can not only offset the influence of the"pry force"of the stop structure,increase the average pre-tightening force of the bolt group,but also make the pre-tightening force of the bolt group dispersible reduce and improve assem⁃bly quality.Relevant research results show that the process design of the bolt-rabbet connection struct

关 键 词：螺栓-止口连接结构 过盈配合 拧紧工艺 均压工艺 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH162.1