油压锥阀与水压锥阀空化特性的对比分析  

Comparative Study on Difference in Cavitation Characteristics Between Water and Oil-Poppet Valves

作　　者：袁聪 宋锦春[2] YUAN Cong;SONG Jin-chun(College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Zhaoqing University,Guangdong Zhaoqing 526061,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern University,Liaoning Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆学院机械与汽车工程学院,广东肇庆526061 [2]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第9期104-107,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2019A1515110844);广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目(2019KQNCX175);国家自然科学基金(51975511)。

摘　　要：油压锥阀与水压锥阀在空化特性方面有较大差异,其流场机制尚未明确。为此,利用VOF空化两相流数值模拟算法在OpenFOAM开源平台上开展流场模拟,研究水压锥阀与油压锥阀空化特性。结果表明,水压锥阀及油压锥阀的空化分布较为一致,集中在自由剪切层、壁面剪切层及阀芯后沿等位置,同时各区域的空化诱发机制相同。油压锥阀的近壁面漩涡空化呈现径向链状特征,而水压锥阀则为分散性的片状结构,不同的空化形态主要源于转捩过程的差异。另外,在高强度空化流动条件下,直角型油压锥阀的整体空化强度相对水压锥阀较大,而倒角型锥阀则相反。水压锥阀比油压锥阀更容易发生空化初生。研究分析了水压锥阀与油压锥阀的空化特性差异及相关机制,可为不同介质的液压阀设计提供理论参考。Concerning the difference in cavitation characteristics between water-and oil-poppet valve,the algorithm integrating VOF method for two-phase cavitation flow is used to simulate the cavitating flow on OpenFOAM platform,for the sake of a com⁃parative study on the cavitation characteristics between water-and oil-poppet valves.According to the results,the cavitation in both water-and oil-poppet valve is mainly located in three different regions,including the free shearing layer,wall shearing layer and downstream of the poppet trailing edge.The triggering mechanism is quite similar,but the wall-shearing-layer in oil-case is featured with a circumferential ring,in contrast to that with scattered thin-layer in water-case.Such difference is mainly due to the relatively slow transition process in oil-cavitating flow.Besides,for fully developed cavitation,oil poppet valves with sharp valve seat has higher intensity,while it becomes an opposite case for valves with chamfered valve seat.In general,water poppet valves are more susceptible to cavitation inception.The current study presents difference in the cavitation characteristics be⁃tween water-and oil-poppet valve,and clarifies the governing mechanism,which could be used as guidance for design of hy⁃draulic valves using different fluid medium.

关 键 词：油压锥阀 水压锥阀 漩涡空化 空化射流 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]