欧盟数据赋能的法律促进路径:挑战、应对与启示  

Legislative Strategies for Enhanced Data Empowerment in the EU:Challenges,Measures and Implications

作　　者：林秀芹[1,2,3] Lin Xiuqin

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院,361000 [2]厦门大学知识产权研究院,361000 [3]厦门大学一带一路研究院,361000

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2024年第4期40-64,243,共26页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“知识产权司法特别程序制度比较研究”(21FFXB041)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：数据要素的价值潜力凸显,在数据安全与隐私保护的面向之外,支持数据流通利用、促进数据赋能的治理维度已成为政策关注重点,学界也积极为数据赋能的法律路径贡献方案,但尚未形成共识。数据赋能治理成效关乎数字经济发展活力和数字时代国际竞争格局,理应审慎考虑。欧盟在数据赋能的目标下面临协调数据治理价值立场、抉择数据开放促进路径、解决数据利益格局失衡等关键挑战。对此,欧盟于2020年发布《欧洲数据战略》,并相应出台《数据治理法案》与《数据法案》两部支柱性数据法案,锚定挖掘数据潜力、释放数据价值的制度目标,引入一系列数据新规,通过依场景提供数据利用方案、建构数据信任支持体系、打造数据利益平衡机制等方略,以期解决此前长期困扰欧盟的数据赋能障碍和治理困境。以欧盟的经验为镜鉴,我国数据治理可以考虑建立数据治理综合框架,紧扣数据利用痛点难点,革新数据要素治理范式,坚持人本理念,营造数据惠益共享格局。The potential value of data is becoming increasingly prominent.Beyond the aspects of data security and privacy protection,enhancing data circulation,utilization and empowerment in data governance has become a focal point of policy discussion.Academia has been proposing various legal strategies for data empowerment,but a consensus is yet to be formed.The effectiveness of data empowerment of a jurisdiction is crucial to the vitality of its digital economy and its global competitiveness in the digital era,warranting careful consideration.The EU’s recent legislation on data governance demonstrates several prominent features while it tackles key challenges in data empowerment,such as reconciling divergent values,choosing strategies to promote data access,and addressing imbalances in the data interest landscape.In response,the EU released the European Data Strategy in 2020 and subsequently introduced two pivotal data legislations:the Data Governance Act and the Data Act.These legislations aim to explore data potential and unlock data value,introducing a series of new rules for data regulation.The EU adopts various innovative rules such as providing scenario-based data utilization mechanisms,building a data trust support system,and creating mechanisms to balance data interests,in order to address long-standing obstacles to data empowerment and governance dilemma.Drawing from the EU’s experience,it is advisable for China to establish a comprehensive data governance framework,in order to overcome the weaknesses and difficulties of current system in data utilization,to push for a paradigm shift in data governance,to adhere to a human-centered approach,and to foster a culture of shared data benefits.

关 键 词：数据赋能 数据治理法案 数据法案 欧盟 

分 类 号：D93[政治法律—法学]