面向能源安全的我国油气行业市场化改革:挑战、策略与展望  

Market Reform in China’s Oil and Gas Industry for Energy Security:Challenges,Strategies,and Prospects

作　　者：石旻 张大永 马奈木俊介 Shi Min;Zhang Dayong;Shunsuke Managi

机构地区：[1]四川行政学院区域经济教研部,610000 [2]西南财经大学经济与管理研究院,611130 [3]九州大学工学院,福冈,819-0395 [4]九州大学城市研究所,福冈,819-0395

出　　处：《世界社会科学》2024年第4期137-158,245,246,共24页SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向能源安全的中国油气市场体制机制改革”(20&ZD110)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,党和国家领导人对我国能源安全问题高度重视,在2014年中央财经领导小组第六次会议上提出了“四个革命、一个合作”的重大能源战略思想,并成为指导我国能源行业发展的重要纲领性文件。我国能源禀赋“富煤、贫油、少气”,虽然国家大力发展可再生能源,但是在相当长的时期内,此类能源难以大规模替代化石能源,保障油气资源的稳定供应仍是能源安全的核心。当前我国外部形势复杂多变,国内经济转型进入关键期,我国能源安全问题依然严峻,因此,深化能源行业改革,充分发挥市场机制作用势在必行。具体来讲,油气行业不仅要通过市场化改革保障供给安全,加强风险防范能力,还要有效发挥市场的力量助推效率提升,综合考量社会保障和可持续发展等多个层面,全面提升行业质量,最终实现基于公正转型的能源安全保障。本文首先提出新型能源安全系统观,随后梳理我国油气行业市场化改革的历史进程,分析油气行业市场化改革面临的多重挑战,在此基础上提出针对性的解决方案,并结合气候危机挑战的大背景,思考更为长远的能源行业发展战略。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Party and state leaders have attached great importance to China’s energy security issues.In 2014,during the sixth meeting of the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs,the major energy security strategy of“four revolutions and one cooperation”(a revolution in energy supply,consumption,technology and market,increase international cooperation in all sectors)was proposed,becoming a guiding and important document for the development of China’s energy industry.China’s energy resources are characterized by“rich in coal,poor in oil,and scarce in gas.”Despite the vigorous development of renewable energy sources,it appears difficult to replace the role of fossil fuels on a large scale for a long time ahead.Therefore,ensuring a stable supply of oil and gas resources remains the core issue of energy security.Faced with complex and changing external circumstances,and amidst a critical period of domestic economic transformation,China’s energy security challenges remains severe.Therefore,further reforming the energy industry and fully leveraging market mechanisms are imperative.Specifically,the oil and gas industry need to enhance supply security and strengthen risk prevention capabilities through market reforms,which also effectively harness the power of the market to boost efficiency.It is essential to comprehensively consider various aspects such as social security and sustainable development to enhance industry quality,ultimately achieving energy security under the premise of a fair transition.This paper first proposes a new perspective on energy security system based on energy transition,then reviews the history of market reforms in China’s oil and gas industry,analyzes the multiple challenges faced in these reforms,proposes possible solutions based on these challenges.Furthermore,in the context of the climate crisis,this paper proposes longer-term energy industry development strategies.

关 键 词：能源安全 油气市场 能源转型 体制改革 市场化定价 

分 类 号：F206[经济管理—国民经济]