2022年特枯水年三峡水库补水调度策略研究  

Study on water replenishment operation strategy of Three Gorges Reservoir inextremely dry year 2022

作　　者：荆平飞 李肖男 郭率 鲁军 傅巧萍 JING Pingfei;LI Xiaonan;GUO Shuai;LU Jun;FU Qiaoping(China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443133,China;Changjiang Survey,Planning,Design and Research Co.Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Innovation Team for Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention of Changjiang water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,湖北宜昌443133 [2]长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司,湖北武汉430010 [3]长江水利委员会水旱灾害防御创新团队,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第9期51-59,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3202805);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(0704202)。

摘　　要：2022年长江流域遭遇丰枯急转的流域性干旱,以三峡水库为核心的上游水库群在进行补水调度时缺乏枯水期补水调度相关研究的支撑。为探究枯水期三峡水库补水调度策略,首先对2022年以三峡为主的上游水库群补水调度情况进行了回顾,然后对枯水期各控制站点的水位与三峡下泄流量的关系进行了分析;结合以上分析结果,采用水量调度试算方法,对三峡水库通过不同来水条件、调度参数情况下的蓄水目标及对供水的保障情况进行了研究;在此基础上提出了针对特枯水年三峡水库补水调度的策略,并采用典型枯水年2006年进行验证。结果表明:来水偏枯40%~50%条件下三峡水库以6000 m^(3)/s下泄较为合理,来水偏枯30%条件下三峡水库以6500~7000 m^(3)/s下泄较为合理,来水偏枯10%~20%条件下三峡水库以7000~7500 m^(3)/s下泄较为合理。特枯水年三峡水库补水调度可在来水特别不利情况下,对下游供水目标提供“基本保障”;来水较不利情况下,对下游供水目标提供“有限保障”;来水一般不利情况下,对下游供水目标提供“全额保障”。研究成果可为三峡水库特枯水年补水调度提供参考。In 2022,the Changjiang River Basin encountered a basin-wide drought with the sharp shift from abundant to scarce inflow.The upstream reservoir group with the Three Gorges Reservoir as the core lacked the support of research on water replenishment scheduling during the dry period.In order to investigate the water replenishment operation strategy of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the dry period,firstly the operation practice of the upstream reservoirs in 2022 was reviewed.Then the relationship between the water level at each control site and the Three Gorges Reservoir discharge during the dry period was analyzed.After that,the water operation trial method was adopted to study the water storage target and the guarantee of water supply of the Three Gorges Reservoir under different water conditions and operation parameters.Finally,a strategy of water replenishment operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir was proposed for the extreme dry year.Then this strategy was verified by the typical dry year 2006.Results showed that it is more reasonable for the Three Gorges Reservoir to discharge 6000 m^(3)/s under 40%~50%less incoming water,6500~7000 m^(3)/s under 30%less incoming water,and 7000~7500 m^(3)/s under 10%~20%less incoming water.Accordingly,the Three Gorges Reservoir can provide"basic guarantee"for downstream water supply targets in the case of extra unfavorable inflow,"limited guarantee"for downstream water supply targets in the case of relatively unfavorable inflow,"full guarantee"for downstream water supply targets in generally unfavorable inflow conditions.The research findings can provide a reference for the water replenishment operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir during extreme dry years.

关 键 词：水量调度试算 特枯水年 补水调度策略 三峡水库 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]