江苏省境内河流大型底栖动物生物完整性分布特征  

Biological integrity and distributional characteristics of macrobenthos inrivers of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：杨晨钧 刘凌[1,2] 邹怡倩 姜丰 张顺婷 黄艳芬 YANG Chenjun;LIU Ling;ZOU Yiqian;JIANG Feng;ZHANG Shunting;HUANG Yanfen(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;School of Geography and Remote Sensing,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]河海大学地理与遥感学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第9期108-116,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52170160,51879085)。

摘　　要：大型底栖动物是水环境的重要指示生物,其完整性和群落结构能够反映水体生态健康状况。以江苏省境内淮河、长江、太湖等35条河流(125个采样点)为研究对象,在2023年丰水期调查分析其大型底栖动物、水环境指标以及生境状况,计算大型底栖动物生物完整性指数(B-IBI);采用比值法对B-IBI指数进行赋分,分析其与环境因子的相关性,并利用普通克里金法对B-IBI指数进行空间插值,评价河流健康状况。结果表明:①B-IBI指数与栖境多样性、NH_(3)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)-P、流速和透明度呈显著正相关,且核心参数中刮食者分类单元数与COD_(Mn)呈弱显著正相关。表明栖境多样性和水体透明度的增大有利于大型底栖动物的群落结构完整和稳定,NH_(3)-N、PO_(4)^(3-)-P在一定范围内对底栖动物有正向作用,刮食者能够承受一定程度的水体污染;②35条河流整体健康状况东北部好于西南部。其中,健康状况良好的采样点主要集中于淮河流域东部、西北部,长江流域西南部和太湖流域的中部。③相似性分析(One-way ANOSIM)和相似百分比(SIMPER)分析显示,淮河与长江流域底栖动物群落密度结构存在显著差异,长江沿岸的城市化和航运已经影响底栖动物的群落结构。Macrobenthos is a key indicator organism to the aquatic environment,and its integrity and community structure can reflect the ecological health of water bodies.This paper reports on a study of 35 rivers(125 sampling sites)in the Huaihe River,Changjiang River and Taihu Lake Basin in Jiangsu Province territory.The study was conducted during the water-abundance period in 2023,aiming to investigate and analyze macrobenthos,water environment indicators,and habitat conditions,and calculate the macrobenthos biological integrity index(B-IBI).A total of 26 reference points and 5 core parameters were screened.The B-IBI index scores were assigned using the ratio method.A correlation analysis was conducted between the B-IBI index and environmental factors.The health status of the river was evaluated by spatially interpolating the B-IBI index using the ordinary kriging method.The results demonstrate that:①the B-IBI index has a significant positive correlation with habitat diversity,NH_(3)-N,PO_(4)^(3-)-P,flow velocity,and transparency.Additionally,the number of scrapers shows a weak but significant positive correlation with COD_(Mn).The results indicate that scrapers are capable of enduring a certain level of water pollution.An increase in habitat diversity and water transparency promotes the integrity and stability of the macrobenthos community structure.NH_(3)-N and PO_(4)^(3-)-P have a positive impact on benthic fauna within a specific range,but surpassing the threshold leads to the degradation of the benthic fauna community structure.②The overall health of the 35 rivers is better in the east and north than in the west and south.The sampling sites with good health are mainly concentrated in the eastern and northwestern parts of the Huaihe River Basin,the southwestern part of the Changjiang River Basin,and the central part of the Taihu Lake Basin.③The ANOSIM similarity and SIMPER analyses reveal significant differences in the density and structure of benthic communities between the Huaihe River Basin and Changjiang Ri

关 键 词：底栖动物 生物完整性 分布特征 群落结构 生态健康评价 江苏省 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]