嘉陵江流域旱涝急转演变规律及其对径流影响研究  

Study on evolution law of drought-flood abrupt alternation and its influenceon runoff in Jialing River Basin

作　　者：李文晖 曹辉[1,2] 任玉峰[1,2] 刘新波 马一鸣 李文达 LI Wenhui;CAO Hui;REN Yufeng;LIU Xinbo;MA Yiming;LI Wenda(Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Yangtze and Hydroelectric Science,China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000,China;Three Gorges Cascade Dispatch&Communication Center of China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江电力股份有限公司智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443000 [2]中国长江电力股份有限公司三峡水利枢纽梯级调度通信中心,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第9期128-140,共13页Yangtze River

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(2023AFD201);中国水利水电科学研究院水利部水工程建设与安全重点实验室开放研究基金项目(202208)。

摘　　要：针对气象旱涝转换对流域径流影响的问题,基于嘉陵江流域逐日降水量和流量数据,采用长、短周期旱涝急转指数方法,揭示了旱涝急转时空分布特征与演变规律,定量评估了径流变化对不同旱涝急转类型的响应程度。结果表明:1977~2022年,嘉陵江流域共发生了8次汛期旱涝急转事件,其中6次发生在2004年及之后;空间上,南部、中部以及西北部地区发生旱涝急转的频率较大,在17%以上;在月尺度上,6~7月发生旱涝急转的频率最大,超过了20%。当汛期发生涝转旱时,北碚、罗渡溪、武胜以及小河坝等站的前半汛期流量相比常年平均增长了57.52%,38.74%,85.50%和99.73%,后半汛期流量相对常年平均偏低了20.82%,49.83%,22.64%和14.53%;而在旱转涝影响下,上述站点前半汛期流量较常年平均减少了31.17%,45.77%,28.83%和26.16%,后半汛期流量较常年分别增长了31.45%,47.17%,24.31%和3.27%;月尺度上也表现出相似规律,表明旱涝急转对嘉陵江径流有着显著影响。研究成果可为梯级水库科学调度、流域水安全保障提供参考。Aiming at the influence of transition between meteorological drought and flood on runoff,based on the daily precipitation and flow data in Jialing River Basin,the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution laws of drought-flood abrupt alternation were analyzed by long-term and short-term drought-flood abrupt alternation indexes,and the response degree of runoff changes to different types of abrupt alternation was quantitatively evaluated.The results showed that there have been 8 drought-flood abrupt alternation events in the Jialing River Basin during the flood season from 1977 to 2022,6 of which occurred in the 2000s and after.Spatially,the frequencies of drought-flood abrupt alternation in southern areas,central areas,and the surrounding areas of the northwest were the largest above 17%.On the monthly scale,the highest frequency appeared in the period from June to July,which was beyond 20%.When flood-to-drought turns occurred in the flood season,the runoff of Beibei,Luoduxi,Wusheng,and Xiaoheba stations in the first half flood season increased by 57.52%,38.74%,85.50%,and 99.73%on average,and reduced by 20.82%,49.83%,22.64%and 14.53%on average in the second half period.Inversely,under the influence of the drought-to-flood events,the first half runoff of those stations decreased by 31.17%,45.77%,28.83%,and 26.16%on average,and increased by 31.45%,47.17%,24.31%,and 3.27%respectively in the latter half period.The monthly scale also showed similar laws,indicating that drought-flood abrupt alternation had a significant impact on the runoff of the Jialing River.The research results can provide scientific reference for the operation of cascade reservoirs and watershed water security.

关 键 词：旱涝急转 径流变化 时空分布 嘉陵江流域 

分 类 号：TV12[水利工程—水文学及水资源] P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]