人工鱼礁建设对大型底栖动物群落的影响——以黄、渤海4处人工鱼礁为例  

Effects of artificial reef construction on macrobenthos communities:A case study of four artificial reefs in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea

作　　者：李建都 赵祺 袁舜洁 张沛东[3] 郭栋[1,2] Li Jiandu;Zhao Qi;Yuan Shunjie;Zhang Peidong;Guo Dong(Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resource,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dalian 116023,China;The Key Laboratory of Mariculture,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023 [2]农业农村部水产种质资源保护与发掘利用重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [3]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第7期51-61,共11页

基　　金：国家重点研发计划:海洋牧场典型生境精准营造与功能提升技术(2023YFD2401102)。

摘　　要：为探究黄、渤海不同人工鱼礁区大型底栖动物群落的结构特征差异及评估人工鱼礁对生物资源的养护效果,于2021年秋季对黄、渤海海域4处人工鱼礁区的大型底栖动物开展了同期调查。共采集大型底栖动物61种,其中环节动物种类占比最多(47.54%)。各礁区大型底栖动物生物量均高于各自对照区,其中长礁龄礁区大型底栖动物资源养护效果最好,其平均生物量为对照区的4.19倍;各礁区的多样性指数H'和丰富度指数d也高于各自对照区,并表现出长礁龄礁区高于短礁龄礁区;ABC曲线表明,长礁龄礁区的生物群落稳定性优于短礁龄的礁区。各人工鱼礁区的优势种存在不同,多毛类为各礁区普遍存在的优势种;聚类分析及非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS)均大致将礁区调查站位分为3组,相似性分析检验(ANOSIM)表明各礁区之间的群落结构存在显著差异(R=0.651,p<0.01),相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)结果表明各礁区间的平均相异性百分比均在77%以上。研究结果表明人工鱼礁生境对大型底栖动物起到一定程度的养护作用,不同礁区间大型底栖动物群落存在差异,本研究可为人工鱼礁建设评价提供基础数据及依据。In order to explore the differences in the structural characteristics of macrobenthos communities in different artificial reefs in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea and to evaluate the conservation effect of artificial reefs on biological resources,a simultaneous survey of macrobenthos in four artificial reefs in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was carried out in autumn 2021.A total of 61 macrobenthos species were collected,among which annelids accounted for the most(47.54%).The biomass of macrobenthos in each reef area was higher than that in the control area,and the conservation effect of macrobenthos resources in the old reef area was the best,and the average biomass was 4.19 times that of the control area.The Shannon-Wiener index H'and richness index d of each reef region were higher than those of the control region,and the long reef age region was higher than the short reef age region.The ABC curve shows that the stability of the community in the long-aged reefs is better than that in the short-aged reefs.There are different dominant species in each artificial reef area,but polychaetes are the dominant species in all artificial reef areas.Reef survey sites were roughly divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scale ranking(NMDS).Similarity analysis test(ANOSIM)showed that there were significant differences in community structure among reefs(R=0.651,p<0.01).The results of SIMPER(percentage of similarity analysis)show that the average percentage of dissimilarity in each reef interval is above 77%.The results show that the artificial reef habitat plays a certain role in the conservation of macrobenthos,and the macrobenthos community varies in different reef regions.This study can provide basic data and basis for the evaluation of artificial reef construction.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 人工鱼礁 群落结构 黄、渤海 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学]