不同播期对玉米先玉335产量和品质的影响  

Influence of Different Sowing Dates on Yield and Quality of Corn Xianyu 335

作　　者：宋艳玲 周广胜[1,2,3] 郭建平[1,3] 潘亚茹 杨孟娇[4] 田靳峰[2,3] 李香雪[5] 孟祥祎[6] 兰惠婷 蒋玮光 隋丹 周灵妤 史俊辰 聂畅 满意 Song Yanling;Zhou Guangsheng;Guo Jianping;Pan Yaru;Yang Mengjiao;Tian Jinfeng;Li Xiangxue;Meng Xiangyi;Lan Huiting;Jiang Weiguang;Sui Dan;Zhou Lingyu;Shi Junchen;Nie Chang;Man Yi(State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;CMA-CAU Jointly Laboratory of Agriculture Addressing Climate Change,Beijing 100081;School of Geo-Science&Technology,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450052;College of Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044;Yushu Meteorological Bureau of Jilin,Yushu 130400)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [3]中国气象局与中国农业大学农业应对气候变化联合实验室,北京100081 [4]郑州大学地球科学与技术学院,郑州450052 [5]南京信息工程大学水文与水资源工程学院,南京210044 [6]吉林省榆树市气象局,榆树130400

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2024年第5期619-628,共10页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J049,CXFZ2023J043)。

摘　　要：利用2018—2023年吉林榆树农业气象试验站玉米大田分期播种试验研究不同播期对玉米生长发育、产量构成和籽粒品质的影响,探讨改变玉米播期作为农业适应气候变化措施的可行性。研究发现:玉米不同播期,玉米生长期内积温利用效率不同,第1播期积温最高,第4播期积温比第1播期平均减少8.3%。玉米不同播期对生长期长度造成影响,玉米第1播期生长期长度比第2播期(正常播期)平均延长7.5 d,第3播期较正常播期生长期缩短5.7 d,第4播期较正常播期生长期缩短13.8 d。玉米不同播期对产量结构造成影响,玉米播期提前10 d,6年试验中有2年玉米百粒重增加,4年减少;玉米播期延迟10 d和20 d,玉米百粒重平均减少4.8%和8.7%。玉米播期提前10 d,单株玉米籽粒数增加0.2%,播期延迟10 d和20 d,籽粒数分别减少6.0%和9.3%。总体上,玉米播期延迟10 d和20 d,玉米单产减产10.9%和17.1%。玉米播期提前10 d,平均单产接近正常播期单产,部分年份单产增加。玉米播期对玉米籽粒品质影响不大。气候变暖,东北部分地区玉米播期适当提前可以作为适应气候变化措施。Using data from Yushu Agricultural Meteorological Station of Jilin from 2018 to 2023,the impact of different sowing dates of corn is investigated focusing on its growth and yield composition as well as grain quality under global warming.It is also debated whether adjusting the sowing date of corn could be a measure for agriculture to adapt to climate change.Results show that the utilization efficiency of accumulated temperature during the growing season of corn varies with different sowing dates.The accumulated temperature is the highest in the first sowing date and lowest in the fourth sowing date,with an average decrease of 8.3%compared to the first sowing date.Different sowing dates of corn have an impact on the growing period.The duration of the first sowing date for corn is extended by an average of 7.5 days compared to the normal sowing date,while durations of the third and fourth sowing dates are shortened by 5.7 days and 13.8 days,respectively.Different sowing dates have an impact on the yield structure of corn.In the first sowing date,there is an increase in the weight of 100 grains of corn in 2 years during 6 years,while a decrease by 4.8%and 8.7%in the third and fourth sowing dates compared to the normal sowing date.The average number of grains per plant in the first sowing date increases by 0.2%,while decreases by 6.0%and 9.3%in the third and fourth sowing date.Overall,delaying the corn sowing date by 10 days and 20 days results in an average yield reduction of 10.9%and 17.1%.Sowing corn 10 days earlier could increase the yield in some years.The change in sowing dates has little effect on the quality of grains.Therefore,an early corn sowing date can be utilized as a strategy to adapt to climate change in certain regions of Northeast China.

关 键 词：玉米 播期 适应气候变化措施 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]