基于APSIM的内蒙古突泉春玉米水氮管理措施  

Water-nitrogen Managements for Spring Maize at Tuquan,Inner Mongolia Based on APSIM

作　　者：郭尔静 杨霏云[1] 伍露 孙爽 高家宝 张超群 张玲 Guo Erjing;Yang Feiyun;Wu Lu;Sun Shuang;Gao Jiabao;Zhang Chaoqun;Zhang Ling(China Meteorological Administration Training Center,Beijing 100081;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081;Tuquan Meteorological Bureau,Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hinggan League 137500)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京100081 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]内蒙古自治区兴安盟突泉县气象局,兴安盟137500

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2024年第5期629-640,共12页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局气象干部培训学院科研项目(2023CMATCZDA03)。

摘　　要：水分和氮肥是制约旱地农业生产的重要因素。基于2013—2022年内蒙古自治区突泉春玉米发育期、单产和田间管理数据,对农业生产系统模型(agricultural production system simulator,APSIM)调参验证;基于验证后的模型,结合1981—2022年突泉气象数据,设计不同水分亏缺程度下水氮管理情景,以春玉米单产、水氮用量和效率为指标,提出春玉米最优水氮管理措施,并分析不同降水年型下春玉米适宜灌溉量和施氮量。结果表明:APSIM对春玉米出苗-开花日数、出苗-成熟日数和单产模拟值与实测值的归一化均方根误差分别为1.3%、1.2%和2.8%,APSIM可定量模拟春玉米发育期和单产。综合春玉米单产、灌溉量、施氮量、水分生产力和氮肥农学效率,最优管理措施为0~100 cm土壤剖面深度下水分亏缺程度为60%时补充灌溉,灌溉量为171.0 mm,施氮量为197.8 kg·hm^(-2)。当春玉米生长季降水量为200~400、401~600 mm和601~800 mm时,适宜的灌溉量分别为233.0~283.5、110.5~148.4 mm和125.0~155.0 mm,施氮量分别为176.9~219.3、218.3~241.5 kg·hm^(-2)和211.8~249.9 kg·hm^(-2)。Water and nitrogen are critical factors that constrain the sustainable production of dryland agriculture.With increasingly severe crisis of water and nitrogen resources and environment,exploring and optimizing water-nitrogen managements,and hence achieving coordinated and unified resource conservation,high and stable grain production,and high efficiency are of great significance for agricultural development.Key parameters of APSIM(agricultural production system simulator)are calibrated and validated based on spring maize phenology,yield,and field management data from Tuquan,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2022.Combined with meteorological data from 1981 to 2022 at Tuquan,water-nitrogen management scenarios are designed under different water deficit levels.Optimal water-nitrogen managements for spring maize at Tuquan are proposed based on indicators including spring maize yield,irrigation amount,nitrogen application amount,water productivity,and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen.Furthermore,the suitable irrigation and nitrogen application amounts for spring maize under different precipitation year types are analyzed.Results show that normalized root mean squared errors of the simulated and observed days from emergence to flowering,days from emergence to maturity,and yield of spring maize are 1.3%,1.2%and 2.8%,respectively.APSIM can quantitatively simulate the growth period and yield of spring maize.Based on the principle that yield,water productivity,and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen of spring maize do not significantly decrease compared to the maximum values of all scenarios,and irrigation and nitrogen application amounts do not significantly increase compared to the minimum values of all scenarios,four management measures with no significant differences can be selected,namely,starting automatic irrigation when water deficit reaches 40%,50%,60%at the depth of 0-100 cm,and when the water deficit reaches 60%at the depth of 0-60 cm.Among them,the optimal auto-irrigation management for

关 键 词：春玉米 单产 水分生产力 氮肥农学效率 水氮管理措施 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]