基于物理化学属性的土壤物证分析及溯源研究  

Analysis and Traceability of Soil Evidence Based on Physical and Chemical Properties

作　　者：黄碧妃 周锦鸿 孟梁[1] 朱彬玲[1] HUANG Bifei;ZHOU Jinhong;MENG Liang;ZHU Binling(Department of Forensic Science,Fujian Police College,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建警察学院刑事科学技术系,福建福州350007

出　　处：《太原师范学院学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期71-77,共7页Journal of Taiyuan Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT220237);公安部科技计划项目(2023JSM06);福建省科技计划项目(2023Y4014)。

摘　　要：土壤物证是犯罪现场最常见的物证之一,具有易转移、地域特征明显等特点,对犯罪现场土壤进行地理溯源能够为认定犯罪事实提供有力证据.以不同源地的土壤物证样品为研究对象,通过建立综合检验方法,采用激光粒度分析仪、便携式X射线荧光光谱仪和X射线粉末衍射仪等多种检测技术手段对土壤物证的理化性质和矿物学性质进行检测,并对未知土壤物证样品的来源进行分析.研究结果表明,不同源地的土壤物证样品的物理性质(土壤颜色、土壤颗粒组成)、化学元素组成以及矿物组成均存在显著差异;通过将未知样品与6种已知地理位置土壤样品相比,发现未知土壤样品其粒径特征、化学组成以及矿物组成等与菜园2一致,表明二者具有相同地理位置来源.通过土壤理化属性的分析可以实现土壤物证的溯源,该方法的研究可为案件侦破提供有力的理论支撑.Soil evidence is one of the most common trace evidence at crime scene,which is easy to transfer and has obvious regional characteristics.Geographical tracing of soil at crime scene can provide powerful evidence for identifying crime facts.In the study,soil evidence samples from different sources were taken as the research object.By establishing a comprehensive inspection method,the physicochemical and mineralogical properties of soil evidence were detected by laser particle size analyzer,portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(pXRF)and X-ray diffraction instrument(XRD),and the source of unknown soil evidence samples was analyzed.The results showed that the physical properties(soil color and particle composition),chemical element composition and mineral composition of soil evidence samples from different sources were significantly different.By comparing the unknown sample with soil samples from six known geographical locations,it was found that the particle size characteristics,chemical element and mineral composition of the unknown soil sample were consistent with that of vegetable garden soil 2,indicating that the two samples had the same geographical origin.The trace of soil evidence can be realized through the analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil and the research of the method can provide a strong theoretical support for case detection.

关 键 词：土壤物证 溯源 颗粒组成 化学元素 矿物组成 

分 类 号：P934[天文地球—自然地理学]