不同种植环境下国内外棉花种质资源的遗传多样性分析与评价  

Genetic diversity analysis and evaluation of domestic and international cotton germplasm resources under different planting environments

作　　者：尚红燕 普静 柯会锋 谷淇深 孙正文 杨君[1] 王国宁[1] 张艳[1] 卢怀玉 徐东永 吴立强[1] 马峙英[1] 王省芬[1] 吴金华[1] SHANG Hong-Yan;PU Jing;KE Hui-Feng;GU Qi-Shen;SUN Zheng-Wen;YANG Jun;WANGGuo-Ning;ZHANG Yan;LU Huai-Yu;XU Dong-Yong;WU Li-Qiang;MA Zhi-Ying;WANGXing-Fen;WU Jin-Hua(Hebei Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization,Ministry of Education,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Hejian Guoxin Rural Technical Service Association,Hejian 062450,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学/华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/华北作物种质资源研究与利用教育部重点实验室,河北保定071001 [2]河间市国欣农村技术服务总会,河北河间062450

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第10期2528-2537,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21326314D);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(棉花,CARS-15-03)资助。

摘　　要：目前,我国棉花育种存在着现有品种同质性高,种质资源遗传多样性下降,优异基因资源挖掘不足等问题。鉴于此,本研究以来自我国三大棉区(黄河流域棉区、长江流域棉区和西北内陆棉区)与国外的415份棉花种质资源为材料,在海南三亚、河北河间和河北辛集3个环境下,对3个产量性状指标和7个纤维品质指标进行鉴定和综合评价。结果发现,三亚单铃纤维重和衣分值最高,纤维品质最差,河间单铃重最高,纤维品质最佳,辛集产量性状最差;同时发现,10个表型性状在3个环境下变异系数较大,且具有丰富的遗传多样性。不同来源棉花种质资源除纤维长度、整齐度及短纤维率外均存在显著差异,黄河流域棉区种质资源产量性状最好,纤维长度和断裂比强度最高,且大于“双30”的材料占比最多,但马克隆值偏高;长江流域棉区的单铃纤维重和衣分较高;国外种质资源铃重较高,衣分最低。相关性和聚类分析结果表明,产量性状之间多呈正相关,供试种质资源被分为5类。通过因子分析法对供试材料进行综合排名,筛选出7份大铃(>7 g),26份高衣分(>42%),11份纤维长度与断裂比强度均大于“30”的种质资源,以及9份综合性状表现优异的资源,为棉花育种提供了优异亲本材料,也为进一步开展研究提供了重要依据。Currently,there are several issues in cotton breeding in China,including the high uniformity of existing varieties,declining genetic diversity of germplasm resources,and underutilization of valuable gene resources.In light of these challenges,a comprehensive assessment and analysis of genetic diversity were conducted on 415 cotton germplasm resources collected from three major cotton regions in China(Yellow River Basin,Yangtze River Basin,and Northwest Inland)as well as international sources.The evaluation encompassed three yield traits and seven fiber quality traits in three different locations:Sanya city,Hainan province;Hejian city,Hebei province;and Xinji city,Hebei province.The findings revealed that Hainan exhibited the highest fiber weight per boll and lint percentage but had relatively poor fiber quality.Hejian displayed the highest boll weight and superior fiber quality,while Xinji had the lowest yield performance.Additionally,it was observed that 10 phenotypic traits demonstrated significant variation and abundant genetic diversity across all three environments.Notably,there were significant differences among cotton germplasm resources from different origins,except for fiber length,uniformity,and short fiber percentage.Germplasm resources from the Yellow River Basin showed the best yield traits,highest fiber length,and fiber strength,with the largest proportion of materials surpassing the‘double 30’threshold.However,these resources had relatively high Micronaire values.Germplasm resources from the Yangtze River Basin exhibited higher fiber weight per boll and lint percentage.Foreign germplasm resources displayed higher boll weight but the lowest lint percentage.Correlation and cluster analyses demonstrated predominantly positive associations among yield traits,leading to the classification of germplasm resources into five categories.Furthermore,a factor analysis was conducted to comprehensively rank the tested materials,resulting in the identification of several elite resources.These included seven g

关 键 词：棉花 种质资源 产量 纤维品质 优异种质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]