增密减肥处理对籼型杂交稻产量及生长发育的影响  

Effect of high-density planting and fertilizer reduction on yield and growth and development of indica hybrid rice

作　　者：卢建祥 高倩文[1] 高志强[1] 阳会兵[1] 文双雅 石楠[1] 胡文瑞 金宇豪 陈龙[1] 刘芸 曹正邓渊 LU Jian-Xiang;GAO Qian-Wen;GAO Zhi-Qiang;YANG Hui-Bing;WEN Shuang-Ya;SHI Nan;HU Wen-Rui;JIN Yu-Hao;CHEN Long;LIU Yun;CAO Zheng-Deng-Yuan(Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410000,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第10期2586-2598,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(水稻生产过程监测与智能服务平台建设,2017YFD0301506)资助。

摘　　要：为探究增密减肥对水稻地上部干物质积累、产量等的影响,在2021—2022年,采用有序机抛技术,设置3种移栽密度,低密度(low density,LD)、中密度(medium density,MD)和高密度(high density,HD)分别为18万株hm^(-2)、22万株hm^(-2)和27万株hm^(-2),设置3种施肥量水平,低肥料(low fertility,LF)、中肥料(medium fertility,MF)和高肥料(high fertility,HF)分别为450 kg hm^(-2)、525 kg hm^(-2)和675 kg hm^(-2)进行大田试验。结果表明:中密中肥(medium density and medium fertilizer,MDMF)处理的产量最高,与低密高肥(low density and high fertilizer,LDHF)相比,MDMF处理的产量2年平均增幅3.15%,显著增加了有效穗数,稳定了其他产量因素,但收获指数增幅不高,甚至降低。齐穗期前高密高肥(high density and high fertilizer,HDHF)处理的地上部干物质量最高,2年平均增幅0.17%,齐穗后MDMF处理的地上部干物质量最高,2年平均增幅0.16%。MDMF处理在各生育时期的叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)与LDHF处理相差不大,但MDMF处理的SPAD衰减率和LAI衰减率维持在较高水平,2021年和2022年MDMF处理条件下水稻SPAD衰减率分别为12.65%和16.85%,LAI衰减率分别为6.42%和6.74%。随着移栽密度和肥料的增加水稻分蘖数增加。由以上可知,适当的增密减肥可增加有效穗数,构造较高的群体结构和地上部干物质量,增加齐穗期至成熟期籼型杂交稻群体光合物质的生产及转运能力,保持了源的稳定,增加了产量库容量而获得高产,籼型杂交稻生产上宜采用栽插密度为22万株hm^(-2)和施肥量为525 kg hm^(-2)的组合。To investigate the effects of increased planting density and reduced fertilizer application on the biological traits,accumulation of dry matter,and yield of rice,this study employed three transplanting densities:low density(LD),medium density(MD),and high density(HD)with 18×10^(4),22×10^(4),and 27×10^(4)plants hm^(-2),respectively.Three fertilizer application levels were also set:low fertility(LF),medium fertility(MF),and high fertility(HF)with rates of 450,525,and 675 kg hm^(-2),respectively.Field experiments were conducted using sequential machine throwing technology during the period from 2021 to 2022.The results demonstrated that the medium density and medium fertilizer(MDMF)treatment exhibited the highest yield.Compared to the low density and high fertilizer(LDHF)treatment,the yield of MDMF treatment increased by 3.15%on average in two years.This treatment significantly increased the effective panicle number and stabilized other yield factors.However,there was no significant increase,and possibly a negative effect,on the harvest index.Prior to full heading,the shoot dry matter treated with high density and high fertilizer(HDHF)exhibited the highest quality,with an average increase of 0.17%over two years.On the other hand,the shoot dry matter treated with MDMF showed the highest quality after full heading,with an average increase of 0.16%.The leaf area index(LAI)and soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)values of the MDMF treatment did not differ significantly from those of the LDHF treatment at each growth stage.However,the SPAD attenuation rate and LAI attenuation rate of the MDMF treatment remained consistently high.The SPAD attenuation rates were 12.65%and 16.85%,respectively,and the decay rates of LAI were 6.42%and 6.74%,respectively.The number of rice tillers increased with higher transplanting density and fertilizer application.In summary,appropriate densification and fertilizer reduction can increase the number of effective panicles,establish a more robust population structure and aboveground dr

关 键 词：籼型杂交稻 移栽密度 肥料 产量 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]