电动汽车路噪轰鸣声分析与优化  

Analysis and Optimization of Road Booming Noise of Electric Vehicles

作　　者：黄应来 赵明斌 单喜乐 HUANG Yinglai;ZHAO Mingbin;SHAN Xile(Geely Automobile Research Institute(Ningbo)Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315336,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司,浙江宁波315336

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2024年第5期284-288,共5页Noise and Vibration Control

摘　　要：电动汽车普遍存在路面激励产生车内轰鸣声的问题。以某电动SUV车型后桥引起31 Hz轰鸣声为背景,分析轮胎低频振动模态、后悬架传递特性以及尾门与车内声腔的耦合机理,从后悬架刚体模态调整、车身模态控制、尾门约束优化等方面提出解决方案,将车内轰鸣声从45降低至35 dB(A)。提出用悬架力传递率衡量悬架的传递特性,用车身噪声传递函数衡量车身和尾门的传递特性,用尾门噪声传递函数衡量尾门与车内声腔的耦合程度。对尾门与车内声腔的耦合机理进行理论分析,对模型计算公式进行理论推导,尾门在1阶模态频率处的振动阻抗与声腔阻抗匹配产生共振是SUV车型在25至35 Hz容易产生轰鸣声的根本原因。路噪轰鸣声的机理分析和优化方案对电动汽车NVH开发具有参考价值。Generally,electric vehicles have excessive road booming noise under tire-road excitation.With the booming noise issue at 31Hz of an electric SUV vehicle caused by the rear axle as the research object,the vibration mode of the tire at low frequency,the force transmissibility of suspension,and the vibro-acoustic coupling effect between lift gate and body cavity are analyzed.The solution measures of rear suspension rigid mode adjustment,body modes control and lift gate constraint were proposed.And the booming noise has been decreased from 45 dB(A)to 35 dB(A).Then,it was proposed to use suspension force transmissibility to measure the transmission performance of the suspension,use body noise transfer function to measure the lift gate noise transfer performance,and use the noise transfer function of the lift gate to measure the coupling effect between the lift gate and the internal cavity.The coupling mechanism between the lift gate and the body cavity was analyzed theoretically.It is shown that the impedance matching between the lift gate and the body cavity at the first rigid mode frequency of lift gate is the root cause of SUV′s booming noise in the interval of 25-35 Hz.The analysis of road booming noise mechanism and solutions offers a guideline for NVH development of electric vehicles.

关 键 词：声学 路噪轰鸣声 悬架力传递率 尾门模态 声腔 声固耦合 

分 类 号：TB535[理学—物理]