战后与当代美国外交战略“欧洲观”的传承与嬗变  

Continuation and Transformation of the European Visions of America s Foreign Strategy from Early Postwar to Contemporary Period

作　　者：王道 WANG Dao(School of History and Culture,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin,300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,天津300387

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第5期132-144,共13页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“美国的非政府组织与东西方冷战研究”(17ZDA224)。

摘　　要：自冷战爆发后,对欧政策长期占据现当代美国对外政策的核心位置。随着国际体系的演变及美国国际地位的变化,美国对欧政策经历了一个渐进且不断突破传统的过程。虽然美国的欧洲政策历经了反复调整,但巩固跨大西洋关系并将欧洲纳入美国主导的全球秩序,这两个基本原则未曾出现过动摇。自杜鲁门政府的外交决策团队创立“欧洲优先”原则伊始,美欧对安全威胁的共同认知及其安全利益的一致性即成为大西洋联盟赖以建立并保持稳定的根基。囿于激烈的反共意识形态,战后美国政坛甚嚣尘上的全面遏制思维在很大程度上塑造了美国外交战略中的欧洲观,成为影响西方世界稳定乃至美国全球战略重心的关键因素,势必对当下拜登政府欧洲政策的调整产生潜移默化的影响。Since the Cold War,European policy has long occupied the core position of modern American foreign policy.With the evolution of the international system and the American status,America s European policy has undergone a continuous process of breaking tradition.Although the European policy did experience many adjustments,insisting on strengthening transatlantic relations and bringing Europe into the global order dominated by the US have been two basic principles which had not been fundamentally shaken during the Cold War.With the early establishment of“Europe First”by the foreign policy decision team of the Truman administration,the common recognition of security threats and the consistency of security interests from transatlantic area immediately became the foundation for the creation and stability of the Atlantic alliance.Constrained by the fierce anti-Communist ideology,the overwhelming idea of universal containment within American politics greatly shaped the European visions of America s foreign strategic process in the early Cold War,making them construct the stability of the Western world and the location of the US global strategic pivot thereafter.Nowadays these visions are bound to have a subtle effect on the reorientation of the Biden administration s European policy.

关 键 词：冷战 美欧关系 大西洋主义 双重遏制 实力地位 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]